z z Automotive Extrication z Auto Extrication Introduce

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z Automotive Extrication

z Auto Extrication §Introduce different ideas and concepts of entrapped victim removal.

Anatomy of Vehicles Safety Systems Unibody Vs. Frame Structural terms

Unibody Vs. Body-On-Frame Vehicle Construction

z Body-On Frame § Body and Frame are two separate pieces § Cheaper to build, cheaper to repair § Better for off-road uses or hauling due the twisting associated § European and Japanese vehicles pre-1970's § Amercan Vehicles Pre-1980's § Current Sport Utility Vehicles (SUV) and Trucks

z Unibody § Frame and body are one piece surrounded by aluminum, plastic or composite § Post 1970's Japanese and European cars § Post 1980's American cars § Safer for occupants inside vehicle

z Crumple Zones

z Vehicle Terminology

z Vehicle Terminology

z Tranverse Beam

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z Safety Systems Passive Active

z Passive Safety Systems Slow the occupant over the longest period of time Distribute the crash forces over largest possible area

z Airbags Marked with a symbol Front • Driver- steering wheel, knee under dash • Passenger Side Curtain • Side of seat • Above Door • C and B Post Inflatable Seat Belt Some vehicles may have up to 10 airbags.

z Airbags § Airbags are activated by sensors located in various positions on the vehicle. § When a crash happens those sensors activate a compressed air or pyrotechnic explosion which rapidly inflates the airbags. § Airbags remain armed even after a crash and can be a hazard to firefighters § 1 st arriving units should disconnect the battery which will likely disarm the remaining undeployed airbags

z Airbag Markings

z Airbag Gas Inflator

z Side Curtain Inflator

z A Pillar Cut Points

z Seat Belts

z Seat Belts § Pretensioners §Remove seatbelt slack immediately during a collision §Typically located on seat or lower section of B pillar

z B Pillar Cut Point

z Responding to Accident Scene

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All PPE should be worn on scene to prevent injuries PPE Bunkers-Coat, Pants, Boots Safety Glasses Gloves Helmet

z Scene Size Up § Traffic Control § Move Emergency Vehicles to Block Traffic § Number of Vehicles involved and Condition § Number and Condition of Patients § Size-Up is continuous and Ongoing

z Scene Size-Up § Sabilize Conditions in Working Area § Fuel spills § Down Power Lines § Environmental Problems § Weather § Vehicle submerged § Fires § Hazardous Materials

z Vehicle Assessment § § Reading the Wreck § Position, Damage and Stability § Vehicle Construction and Type § Patient Condition Vehicle Safety Systems § Air Bags § Seat Belt Pretensioners § Batteries

z In case of fuel spill or fire, consider deploying a water pipe and branch to protect firefighters and patients.

z Patient Assessment § Need for Ambulances and EMS § Number of Patients and Locations § Check Patient Prioities § Entrapment Issues § Reassess patients throughout extrication § One firefighter should remain inside vehicle with the patient to continuously assess pt

z Peel and Peek § While assessing patient inside the vehicle, the firefighter can begin peeling off plastic along pillars to search for airbag cylinders and pretensioners for firefighters working outside the vehicle.

z Securing the vehicle § Turn off Engine and take keys out of the ignition § Disconnect Battery, negative terminal first § Remember, Airbags can hold a charge 20 seconds after the battery is disconnected. Airbags should be treated as active even after battery disconnect § While securing the vehicle, avoid getting in the way of uninflated airbags as they can go off at any time after an accident § Use a tool to set parking brake and reach around the backside of the steering wheel to turn off the ignition.

z Battery Locations § Under hood § Trunk § Inside under seats § Wheel wells § Battery Terminals can be disconnected or cut

z Stabilization A vehicle must be stabilized to avoid movement and shifting during the extrication.

Stabilization § Cribbing § Chains and Ratcheting Devices § Jacks § Other-Flatten tires, Brakes

z Stabilization §Cribbing §Dimensional lumber or apparatus chocks used in stacked configurations to capture progress between the ground and the bottom of the vehicle. §Shocks will no longer allow the vehicle to move up and down on the shocks.

z Stabilization Wheel Chocks Step Chocks

z Stabilization §Come-Along §Chains §Ratchet Straps §Used to secure vehicle when vehicle can roll over, move off a slope or ledge. §An appropriate anchor should be chosen such as a post in concrete, fire apparatus or trees.

z Stabilization §Chains §Ratchet Straps

z Struts can be used in combination with ratchet straps in a triangle Stabilization

z Stabilization Automotive high lift jacks can be used in various capacities including pulling a steering wheel.

z Tires can be deflated by puncturing them or pulling stems. Stabilization

Extrication Tools and Equipment Hydraulic Tools Cordless Tools Hand Tools

Hydraulic Tools Cutters Spreaders Ram Power Unit

z Cutters

z Spreaders

z Ram

z Power Unit

Cordless Tools Cutters, Spreaders and Ram in Battery powered version Cordless Reciprocating Saw

Hand Tools Halligan Axe Pry Bar Sledgehammer Air Chisel Socket Set Air Impact

z Laminated Glass Removal

z Extrication Techniques

z B Post Laydown

z Roof Removal

z Tunneling

z TACTICAL TRAINING STAFF FIREFIGHTER JON SEASTONE FIREFIGHTER BRIAN ANDERSEN FIREFIGHTER JASON BRAUN FIREFIGHTER TYLER PRATER FIREFIGHTER ERIC SAUNDERS FIREFIGHTER LEVI ROBBINS FIREFIGHTER JEFF BROADHURST FIREFIGHTER HOPE BROADHURST

Extrication techniques

Training Video: https: //youtu. be/R 447 uc. KCg. NQ

www. Africa. Fire. Mission. org