z Warm Up StimulusBased MC Questions 5 Oclock

z Warm Up § Stimulus-Based MC Questions § 5 O’clock to discuss

Unit 1: The Global Tapestry z Topic 1. 3 Developments in South and Southeast Asia 1200 -1450

z THEMATIC FOCUS § Cultural Developments and Interactions CDI § The development of ideas, beliefs, and religions illustrates how groups in society view themselves, and the interactions of societies and their beliefs often have political, social, and cultural implications

z LEARNING OBJECTIVE § Unit 1: Learning Objective G § Explain how the various belief systems and practices of South and Southeast Asia affected society over time.

z HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS § KC-3. 1. III. D. iv Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism, and their core beliefs and practices, continued to shape societies in South and Southeast Asia.

z THEMATIC FOCUS § Governance GOV § A variety of internal and external factors contribute to state formation, expansion, and decline. Governments maintain order through a variety of administrative institutions, policies, and procedures, and governments obtain, retain, and exercise power in different ways and for different purposes.

z LEARNING OBJECTIVE § Unit 1: Learning Objective H Explain how and why various states of South and Southeast Asia developed and maintained power over time.

z HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS § KC-3. 2. I. B. i State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, including the new Hindu and Buddhist states that emerged in South and Southeast Asia.

II. Sea Roads: Exchange across the Indian Ocean B. Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: Southeast Asia 1. Srivijaya, 670– 1075 2. Khmer kingdom of Angkor, 800– 1300 3. Borobudur and Angkor Wat 4. “Indianization”

Borobudur

Angkor Wat

Hinduism and Buddhism z EQ: 1. What are the main beliefs of Hinduism? 2. What are the main beliefs of Buddhism?

z Hinduism – Background Information § Hinduism is a polytheistic religion that started in India. § Sacred Texts: Vedas, Ramayana, Bhagavad- Gita § There is no single founder of the religion. § Hindu beliefs are a combination of the beliefs of the early Indus Valley peoples and the Aryans.

z Hindu Gods § Polytheistic: Hindus believe in many gods; gods can be in many forms, including animals and humans; § Brahma - the Creator § Vishnu - the Preserver § Shiva - the Destroyer

z Main Beliefs of Hinduism § Reincarnation: after death, souls are reborn into another form; reincarnation is determined by karma and dharma; § Ahimsa: moral principle of nonviolence; Hindus believe that all things are aspects of brahman, therefore they should be respected;

Main Beliefs of Hinduism § Karma: all the actions of a person's life that affects his or her fate in the next life; § People who earn a good karma are reborn at a higher level of existence; § Dharma: the religious and moral duties of an individual; duties vary according to class, occupation, gender or age; § by obeying one's dharma, a person acquires merit for the next life

z Karma = actions Dharma = duties

z If you obey your dharma and have good karma you will be reincarnated to achieve moksha.

How does the caste system influence Hindu beliefs? Caste System = social classes into which you are born and cannot change; § § after death, Hindus hope to be reincarnated into a higher caste; § each caste has its own dharma;

Sacred Animals / Rivers: § Cows, elephants and other animals are viewed as sacred; the Ganges River is the most sacred river to Hindus;

Buddhism – Background Information § Buddhism started in India by the “Buddha, ” or Siddartha Gautama § Founder: Siddartha Gautama = an Indian prince who sought to eliminate suffering and devoted his life to achieving nirvana;

Main Beliefs of Buddhism § Karma § Dharma § Reincarnation § Buddhists believe in NO GODS; § the Buddha was not normally viewed as a god;

Main Beliefs of Buddhism § Eightfold Path / Middle Way “the right way; ” making the right decisions, actions, effort, etc.

z Main Beliefs of Buddhism § Four Noble Truths = § Life is full of suffering § Suffering is caused by desire § Eliminate suffering by eliminating desire § Eliminate desire by following the Eightfold Path / Middle Way

Main Beliefs of Buddhism § Buddhists do not believe in the caste system; Buddhists believe that anyone, at any time, can achieve nirvana; § Nirvana = the goal of every Buddhist; spiritual enlightenment; § Ahimsa = NON-VIOLENCE

z Spread of Buddhism