z Unit 7 Cities and Urban Land Use

z Unit 7 Cities and Urban Land Use Patterns and Processes Last Unit!!

z z Influences of Site and Situation on Cities

z Site of a city § Site is the exact location of a city, you can find it on a map. The site of a city has features that are inherent to its location. For example, factors such as water supply, building materials, quality of soil, climate, shelter can influence where a settlement is built. ** influences the origin, function, & growth of a city

z Situation of a city § Situation =Where a city is, in relation to its surrounding features. . § For Example: you build your house near the ocean* § Ex. This picture of Chicago which situated next to Lake Michigan § ** influences the origin, function, & growth of a city

z Origin of cities & Urban Hearths § Settlement= a place with a permanent human settlement § Shift from hunting and gathering to farming =permanent settlements or the 1 st city-states § Urban Hearths= Tigris-Euphrates River Valley Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) & Indus River Valley in modern Pakistan, Huang He River Valley in China around 5, 000 BC § Hint: all of the earliest civilizations started on rivers! § Farming led to : specialization , an ag surplus, & social stratification ( social classes)

z Origin of cities continued § Surplus of food because of irrigation, farming, and domestication of animals § More people could live in one area & created the need for a ruling class § Specialization- farmed, made tools, weapons, or were religious leaders § Ex. Mesopotamia home to the 1 st cvilization

z Defining Cities § City= territory inside officially recognized boundaries. § -important when determining the exact population, taxing residents, for establishing & governing § * most large cities share boundaries with adjacent cities that are visible on a map

z City limits of Atlanta Do you see any neighboring cities? Where is Hartsfield Jackson Airport located?

z Where do people live? § Ecumene- is a Greek word which describes where people live. There are 3 areas § 1. Urban- areas(cities) with high concentrations of people § 2. Suburbs- residential areas near cities § 3. Rural – areas (farms & villages) with low concentrations of people § How would you categorize Kennesaw? Marietta? Canton?

z z Population Distribution Map

z Urbanization § Urbanization=process of developing towns and cities. Its on going process & doesn’t end once a city is formed § *today, 50 % of world’s pop. lives in cities § Estimated by 2060 - 60% of world’s pop. will live in cities most being in LDC (Periphery & semi-periphery) § Chicago skyline pictured

z Urban Areas

z What influences Urbanization? § 1. Transportation § 2. communication § 3. population growth § 4. migration § 5. economic development § 6. gov’t policies influencing urbanization

z Suburbanization § Suburbanization- process of people moving, usually from cities to residential areas on the outskirts of cities § Form communities that are connected to the city for jobs & services. § Less densely populated & less ethnically diverse than cities

z Causes of Suburbanization § After WWII North America, § use of cars § highway systems § mortgage loans to buy homes § racial tensions known as “white flight” § Industries left cities & workers followed the jobs

z Shifting trends in the U. S. 1960 -the population was evenly divided about 60 million lived in each of the 3 areas: urban, suburban, & rural Since then, rural population has declined, urban has slightly increased, & over ½ of Americans live in the suburbs!

z Metropolitan Areas § Metro areas=a collection of adjacent cities across which the population density is high & continuous § * most large cities in the world are really metro areas of a series of legally defined cities and use the name of the largest city § Ex. Metro area Denver, Colorado consists of Denver, Aurora, Lakewood, Englewood, Greenwood Village & neighboring cities

z Metro Denver Area

z z Metro Atlanta

z Processes of Suburbanization § Impacts urban growth § Some Americans are going back to the city= reurbanization § Urban Sprawl- spread of urban areas to the once rural areas § Exurbanization= people move out further into the rural areas(exurb) & work remotely (or flex hours) Ex. Jasper, GA § Edge cities-is a term that originated in the United States for a concentration of business, shopping, and entertainment outside a traditional downtown or central business district, in what had previously been a suburban residential or rural area. § Ex. Smyrna, Sandy Springs ( both near highways 75 & 285)

z

z

z

z Tysons , Virginia Edge City-large amount of office & retail space

z Processes of Suburbization continued § Boomburbs- a growing residential area of at least 100, 000 to 500, 000 people § Growing § Several in CA= Chula Vista, Thousand Oaks, Oceanside( I lived here) § Arizona- Glendale, Mesa

z Boomburbs in Southern California

z

z Challenges of Urban Sprawl § urban sprawl has many negative consequences for residents and the environment, such as higher water and air pollution, increased traffic fatalities and jams, loss of agricultural capacity, increased car dependency, . . .

z