z North Korea By Elizabeth Christianson Emi Sakamoto

z North Korea By Elizabeth Christianson, Emi Sakamoto, Ava Rogers, and Jevon Cloy

z What is the issue? § 1985 NK signs Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty § 1994 NK signs nuclear weapon agreement w/ USA § October 2002 Bush administration discovers NK secret nuclear weapons program (NK admitted) § January 10, 2003 NK withdrawals from NPT § April 2003 NK declares they have nuclear weapons § 2005 they say they’ll give it up for energy support from China, USA, Russia, and South Korea § 2006 NK successfully tests first nuclear weapon § February 13, 2007 NK agrees to close its main nuclear reactor for an aid package worth $400 million § September 30, 2007 NK signs agreement to disable nuclear weapons facility (six-party talks Bejing § December 31, 2007 NK misses deadline to disable weapons facility

z What is the issue? (continued) § May 25, 2009 NK announces second nuclear test § February 29, 2012 NK agrees to moratorium on long-range missile launches and nuclear activity at the nation’s major nuclear facility for food aid § May 24, 2012 SK’s Defense Ministry spokesman says NK appears ready to carry out a nuclear test (satellite) § January 24 2013 NK’s National Defense Commission says it will continue nuclear testing and long range rocket launches (targeting US) (in defiance of US) § February 12, 2013 third nuclear test (first under Kim Jong Un) § May 6, 2015 deputy director of NK think tank says the country has missile capability to strike US mainland (“would do so if US ‘forces their hand’”) § December 12, 2015 NK adds hydrogen bomb to its arsenal § 2016 claims they have many different kinds of weaponry § July 25, 2017 NK threatens a nuclear strike on “the heart of the US” § August 9, 2017 NK’s military is “examining the operational plan” to strike areas around the US territory of Guam § September 3, 2017 NK carries out sixth test of a nuclear weapon

z When and why did conflict start? • 1948: Korea is divided in two, Soviet supports North, US supports South • 1950 -1953: Korean War • 1998: North Korea fires their first long range missile • 2002: US names North Korea part of a axes of evil • 2003: North Korea withdraws from Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty • 2006: North Korea conducts their first underground nuclear test • Kim Jong-il dies and Kim Jong-un takes over as dictator

North Korea’s Nuclear Capabilities • To launch a nuclear attack, you have to fit a warhead into the missile. North Korea says they have miniaturized a nuclear warhead but experts doubt that claim. • Info leaked from the Washington Post in August 2017, says that US intelligent officials say that z North Korea is capable of miniaturization. • Japan’s defense ministry says that its possible that North Korea can miniaturize a warhead • Experts don’t think that North Korea can hit mainland America but they can hit Alaska or Hawaii • Is North Korea using plutonium or uranium. If they are using uranium that tells us that their program has come a long way since 2006 and if they are using uranium then they can produce nuclear weapons very quickly and easier in secrecy. • The Us and South Korea both believe that North Korea has more sites that are for uranium enrichment because the country has lots of uranium ore on hand.

z Why does North Korea want to bomb the United States? § Wanted revenge after U. S. bombed Korea § They are a communist country § Still angry that the U. S. bombed Korea and leveled their country. Thousands of lives were lost and most buildings were gone.

z What are we doing about North Korea and what can we do? § Increase sanctions (A threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule) § A stronger national security policy. § Strengthen missile defenses in Asia § Negotiate with north Korea (pay them to stop making bombs) § “Boycott” North Korea by cutting of their oil supply and stop buying and selling from them.

z How is culture involved? § Communism - Gets paid based on how well you do - Have to give your money § Chairman of the workers’ party and supreme leader of North Korea § “For decades North Korea has been one of the world's most secretive societies. It is one of the few countries still under nominally communist rule”

z Bibliography § “North Korea's Nuclear Programme: How Advanced Is It? ” BBC News, BBC, 10 Aug. 2017, www. bbc. com/news/world-asia-pacific-11813699. § Phillips, Tom. “China Is Angry, but What Can It Do about North Korea? ” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 4 Sept. 2017, www. theguardian. com/world/2017/sep/04/china-what-can-beijing-do-about-north-korea-donald-trump-kim-jong-un. § Miller, Judith. “What Can US Do about North Korea? Six Options after 'Hydrogen Bomb' Test. ” Fox News, FOX News Network, www. foxnews. com/opinion/2016/01/07/what-can-us-do-about-north-korea-six-options-after-hydrogen-bomb-test. html. § Perring, Rebecca. “Did Bill Clinton Pave the Way for North Korea to Develop Nuclear Weapons? ” Express. co. uk, 10 Aug. 2017, www. express. co. uk/news/world/839030/North-Korea-nuclear-WW 3 -war-weapons-US-Donald-Trump-Kim-Jong-un-Bill-Clinton. § Beinart, Peter. “Why Won't the Democrats Challenge Trump on North Korea? ” The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company, 6 July 2017, www. theatlantic. com/international/archive/2017/07/democrats-north-korea/532770/. § “North Korea: All You Need to Know Explained in Graphics. ” North Korea | Al Jazeera, www. aljazeera. com/indepth/interactive/2017/08/northkorea-explained-graphics-170810121538674. html. § Berlinger, Joshua. "Why North Korea Still Hates the United States. " CNN. Cable News Network, 28 July 2017. Web. § Cohen, Zachary. "Confused by Trump, North Korea Contacts Ex-US Officials. " CNN. Cable News Network, 30 Sept. 2017. Web.

z Bibliography Continued § “File: Flag of North Korea. svg. ” File: Flag of North Korea. svg - Wikimedia Commons, commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Flag_of_North_Korea. svg. § “North Korea Hackers Reportedly Stole US, South Korea War Plans. ” Fox News, FOX News Network, www. foxnews. com/world/2017/10/10/north-korea-hackers-reportedly-stole-us-south-korea-war-plans. html. § “North Korea Profile - Timeline. ” BBC News, BBC, 17 Aug. 2017, www. bbc. com/news/world-asia-pacific-15278612. § Stephens, Bret. “Kim Jong-Un and the Art of Tyranny. ” The New York Times, 7 Sept. 2017, www. nytimes. com/2017/09/07/opinion/kim-jong-un-north-korea-nuclear. html. § “North Korea. ” Countries and Their Cultures, Advameg Inc. , www. everyculture. com/Ja-Ma/North-Korea. html. § “North Korea Country Profile. ” BBC News, BBC, 14 Aug. 2017, www. bbc. com/news/world-asia-pacific-15256929. § “North Korea Nuclear Timeline Fast Facts. ” CNN, Cable News Network, 4 Sept. 2017, www. cnn. com/2013/10/29/world/asia/north-korea-nuclear-timeline---fast-facts/index. html.