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Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wØZxq Aa¨vq Kwg. Dwb‡Kkb wm‡÷gm I †b. UIqvw. K©s COMMUNICATION SYSTEM & NETWORKING Sharnajit Kumar saha 1

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wØZxq Aa¨vq 1. Kwg. Dwb‡Kkb wm‡÷gm 2. †b. UIqvw. K©s Sharnajit Kumar saha 2

G Aa¨vq cv. V †k‡l wkÿv_x©iv− Kwg. Dwb‡Kkb wm‡÷‡gi avi. Yv e. Y©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †WUv Kwg. Dwb‡Kk‡bi avi. Yv e¨v. L¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †WUv Kwg. Dwb‡Kkb cÖwµqv we‡køl. Y Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gv‡Wi †kªw. Yweb¨vm Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †WUv Kwg. Dwb‡Kkb gva¨gmg~‡ni g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †WUv Kwg. Dwb‡Kk‡b Acw. UK¨vj dv. Bev‡ii ¸iæZ¡ we‡køl. Y Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Iq¨vi‡jm Kwg. Dwb‡Kk‡bi wewfbœ gva¨gmg~n w. PwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e| wewfbœ cÖR‡b¥i †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi †WUv Kwg. Dwb‡Kkb c×w. Zi g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Sharnajit Kumar saha 3

G Aa¨vq cv. V †k‡l wkÿv_x©iv− Z_¨ †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³i wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î Iq¨vi‡jm Kwg. Dwb‡Kk‡bi cÖ‡qv. Rbxq. Zv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †b. UIqv‡K©i avi. Yv e¨v. L¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †b. UIqv‡K©i ¸iæZ¡ we‡køl. Y Ki‡Z cvi‡e| wewfbœ ai‡bi †b. UIqv‡K©i Kvh©vewj we‡køl. Y Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R e¨v. L¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| K¬v. DW Kw¤úDw. Us Gi avi. Yv e¨v. L¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| K¬v. BW Kw¤úDw. Us Gi myweav e¨v. L¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Sharnajit Kumar saha 4

Kwg. Dwb‡Kkb wm‡÷gm 1. Kwg. Dwb‡Kkb wm‡÷‡gi avi. Yv I †WUv Kwg. Dwb‡Kkb 2. †WUv UªvÝwgkb w¯úW 3. †WUv UªvÝwgkb c×w. Z 4. †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gv. W 5. †WUv Kwg. Dwb‡Kkb gva¨g 6. †gvev. Bj †Uwj‡dvb wm‡÷‡gi wewfbœ cÖRb¥

†b. UIqvw. K©s 1. Kw¤úDUvi †b. UIqv‡K©i avi. Yv 2. †b. UIqv‡K©i cÖKvi‡f` 3. †b. UIqv. K© w. Wfv. Bm 4. †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R 5. K¬v. DW Kw¤úDw. Us

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Sharnajit Kumar saha 7

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †gvev. Bj ‡hv. Mv‡hv. M e. Z©gvb we‡k¦ Z_¨ cÖhyw³i hy‡M †gvev. Bj †dvb GKw. U AZ¨vek¨Kxq hš¿ wn‡m‡e cwi. Mw. YZ n‡q‡Q| 1940 mv‡ji w`‡K hy³iv‡ó me©cÖ_g †gvev. Bj †dvb mvwf©m Pvjy nq| cie. Z©x‡Z 1950 mv‡ji ïiæ‡Z BD‡iv‡c †gvev. Bj mvwf©m Pvjy nq| 1973 mv‡j mvavi. YZ gvby‡li g‡a¨ †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi e¨envi ïiæ nq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 8

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi µgea©gvb e¨envi I Dbœq‡bi GK GKw. U ch©vq ev avc‡K †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi cÖRb¥ e‡j| †gvev. Bj †dvb †dv‡bi. I e¨env‡ii wewfbœ cÖRb¥ cÖhyw³i†gvev. Bj µgea©gvb Dbœw. Z Dci wfwË K‡i †gvev. Bj †dvb Avwe®‹v‡ii ïiæ †_‡K e. Z©gvb mgq ch©šÍ Pviw. U cÖR‡b¥ fv. M Kiv n‡q‡Q| Sharnajit Kumar saha 9

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †gvev. Bj †Uwj‡dvb wm‡÷‡gi wewfbœ cÖRb¥ cÖ_g cÖRb¥ (First Generation-1 G) wØZxq cÖRb¥(Second. Generation 2 G) Z…Zxq cÖRb¥ (Third Generation-3 G) PZz_© cÖRb¥ (Fourth Generation 4 G) Sharnajit Kumar saha 10

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ cÖ_g cÖRb¥ (First Generation-1 G) cÖ_g cÖR‡b¥i †gvev. Bj †dvb¸‡jv w. Qj †mjyjvi †b. UIqv. K© wbf©i Ges A¨vbvj. M wm‡÷‡gi Dci wfwË K‡i ‰Zwi n‡qw. Qj| 1973 mv‡j †mbvevwnbxi evwn‡i wbw`©ó K‡q. Kw. U †ÿ‡Î †gvev. Bj ‡dv‡bi e¨envi ïiæ nq| 1979 mv‡j evw. Yw. R¨Kfv‡e mvavi. YZ gvby‡li g‡a¨ †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi e¨envi ïiæ nq| †m Rb¨ 1979 mvj‡K 1 g cÖR‡b¥i †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi m~Pbv Kvj ejv nq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 11

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ cÖ_g cÖRb¥ (First Generation-1 G) 1979 mv‡j Gwkqvi me©e„nr †Uwj. Kwg. Dwb‡Kkb †Kv¤úvwb Rvcv‡bi NTTC (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) †mjyjvi †Uwj‡dvb Drcv`b ïiæ K‡i| 1980 mv‡ji ïiæi w`‡K Kvbv. Wv, hy³ivóª, †gw·‡Kv‡Z †mjyjvi †Uwj‡dv‡bi w. KQz e¨envi ïiæ nq|1981 mv‡j NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone) KZ…©K †Wbgv. K©, wdbj¨vÛ, bi. I‡q I my. B‡W‡b AvšÍR©vw. ZK †ivwgs myweavmn 1 g cÖR‡b¥i †gvev. Bj †b. UIqv‡K©i 2 q hvÎv ïiæ nq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 12

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ cÖ_g cÖRb¥ (First Generation-1 G) 1983 mv‡j DËi Av‡gwi. Kvq evw. Yw. R¨Kfv‡e cÖ_g cÖRb¥ †gvev. Bj †dvb Pvjy Kiv nq hvi bvg w. Qj AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System)| AMPS Gbvj. M wm. Mb¨vj e¨envi K‡i †hv. Mv‡hv. M ¯’vcb Ki. Z| Sharnajit Kumar saha 13

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ cÖ_g cÖRb¥ (First Generation-1 G) w. PÎ- 1 G †gvev. Bj Sharnajit Kumar saha 14

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ cÖ_g cÖR‡b¥i †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi ‰ewkó¨ †b. UIqv‡K© †iw. WI wm. Mb¨vj wn‡m‡e A¨vbvj. M wm‡÷‡gi e¨envi| †b. UIqv‡K© NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone) ÷¨vÛv. W©| P¨v‡bj A¨v‡·m c×w. Z FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)| †gvev. Bj †dvbmg~n Av. Kv‡i †Qv. U Ges IR‡b nvj. Kv| Sharnajit Kumar saha 15

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ cÖ_g cÖR‡b¥i †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi ‰ewkó¨ wm. Mb¨vj wd «‡Kv‡qwÝ Zzjbvg~j. Kfv‡e Kg| K‡_vc. K_b Pjv Ae¯’vq e¨envi. Kvixi Ae¯’v‡bi cwie. Z©b n‡j UªvÝwgkb wew”Qbœ n‡q hvq| G‡Z gv. B‡µvcÖ‡mmi Ges †mwg. KÛv±i cÖhyw³ e¨eüZ nq| A‡cÿv. K…Z Kg wd «‡Kv‡qwÝ e¨v‡Ûi e¨envi| Sharnajit Kumar saha 16

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ cÖ_g cÖR‡b¥i †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi D`vni. Y ØGWfvÝW †gvev. Bj †dvb wm‡÷g (Advanced Mobile Phone System-AMPS) Øbw. W©K Telephone) †gvev. Bj †Uwj‡dvb (Nordic Mobile ؆Uv. Uvj GK‡mm Kwg. Dwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g (Total Access Communication System- TACS) BZ¨vw`| Sharnajit Kumar saha 17

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wØZxq cÖRb¥(Second Generation- 2 G) cÖ_g cÖR‡b¥i A¨vbvj. M wm‡÷‡gi †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi cwie‡Z© wØZxq cÖR‡b¥i w. Ww. RUvj †gvev. Bj †b. UIqv. K© wm‡÷g Pvjy nq| 1990 mv‡j BD‡iv‡c wØZxq cÖR‡b¥i †gvev. Bj †dvb me©cÖ_g e¨eüZ nq| UªvÝwgkb †Kvqvwjw. U, wm‡÷g K¨vcvwmw. U Ges wekvj Gjv. Kv Ry‡o †b. UIqv. K© M‡o †Zvjvi j‡ÿ¨ wØZxq cÖR‡b¥i †gvev. Bj wm‡÷g Pvjy Kiv nq| f‡qm‡K Noise gy³ Kivi gva¨‡g wØZxq cÖRb¥ †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi Avwef©ve N‡U| Sharnajit Kumar saha 18

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wØZxq cÖRb¥(Second Generation- 2 G) Gw. U f‡qm UªvÝwg. U K‡i w. Ww. RUvj c×w. Zi gva¨‡g| 1991 mv‡j wdbj¨v‡Û me©cÖ_g GSM †b. UIqv. K© Radiolinja Pvjy nq| 1992 mv‡j hy³iv‡R¨ †gwkb wbqwš¿Z Ges 1993 mv‡j wdbj¨v‡Û Person to Person SMS †U·U g¨v‡m. R mvwf©m Pvjy nq| wdbj¨v‡Û 2000 mv‡j me©cÖ_g †gvev. Bj †dvb e¨envi K‡i ‰`wb. K wb. DR †n. Wjv. Bb weÁvcb cÖPvi Kiv nq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 19

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wØZxq cÖRb¥(Second Generation- 2 G) w. PÎ- 2 G †gvev. Bj Sharnajit Kumar saha 20

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wØZxq cÖRb¥(Second Generation- 2 G) w. PÎ- 2 G †gvev. Bj Sharnajit Kumar saha 21

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wØZxq cÖR‡b¥i †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi ‰ewkó¨ Øw. Ww. RUvj c×w. Zi †iw. WI wm. Mb¨vj e¨eüZ nq| ØP¨v‡bj A¨v‡·m c×w. Z TDMA, FDMA Ges CDMA| Ømxwg. ZgvÎvq AvšÍ©Rvw. ZK †ivwgs myweav Pvjy nq| ØGSM c×w. Z‡Z †WUv Ges f‡qm †cÖi. Y Kiv m¤¢e nq| ؆WUv ¯’vbvšÍi Kivi Mw. Z A‡b. K †ewk| ØK‡_vc. K_b Pjv Ae¯’vq e¨envi. Kvixi Ae¯’v‡bi cwie. Z©b n‡j UªvÝwgkb Awew”Qbœ _v‡K| Sharnajit Kumar saha 22

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wØZxq cÖR‡b¥i †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi ‰ewkó¨ Øme©cÖ_g wcÖ‡c. BW c×w. Z Pvjy nq| ØGg. Gm (MMS-Multimedia Message Service) Ges Gm. Gg. Gm (SMS-Short Message Service) mvwf©m Pvjy nq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 23

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wØZxq cÖR‡b¥i †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi D`vni. Y Øw. RGm. Gg 900 Ø w. RGm. Gg-Avi Ø w. RGm. Gg 1800 Øw. RGm. Gg 1900 Øw. RGm. Gg 400 ØDigital AMPS (D-AMPS) ØCDMA BZ¨vw`| Sharnajit Kumar saha 24

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Z…Zxq cÖRb¥ (Third Generation-3 G) wØZxq cÖRb¥ †_‡K Z…Zxq cÖR‡b¥i cÖavb cÖhyw³MZ cv_©K¨ n‡”Q mvw. K©U my. Bw. Ps †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi cwie‡Z© Z…Zxq cÖR‡b¥ c¨v‡KU my. Bw. Ps †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi e¨envi| 2001 mv‡ji †g gv‡m Rvcv‡bi †Uvw. KI Gjv. Kvq NTT †Wv‡Kv‡gv Pvjy K‡i cÖ_g A-evw. Yw. R¨K I cixÿvg~j. K 3 G †b. UIqv. K©| G cÖR‡b¥B Avaywb. K †gvev. Bj †UK‡bvjw. R HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) Gi ev¯Íevqb Kiv nq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 25

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Z…Zxq cÖRb¥ (Third Generation-3 G) UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) bv‡g cwiw. PZ| Z…Zxq cÖR‡b¥ D”P Mw. Zi †WUv UªvÝdvi I gvwëwgw. Wqv †WUv e¨envimn CDMA I GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) ÷¨vÛv‡W©i e¨vc. K Dbœw. Z mvwa. Z nq| d‡j me©vwa. K †WUv UªvÝdv‡ii †gvev. Bj †UK‡bvjw. R EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) Pvjy nq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 26

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Z…Zxq cÖRb¥ (Third Generation-3 G) 2002 mv‡ji †kl w`‡K Rvcv‡b Ges 2003 mv‡j BZvwj I hy³iv‡R¨ WCDMA †UK‡bvjw. R e¨env‡ii cÖmvi evo‡Z _v‡K| 2007 mv‡j 3 q cÖR‡b¥i †b. UIqv. K© e¨envi. Kvix 295 wgwjq‡b `uvovq, hv w. Qj †gv. U †gvev. Bj e¨envi. Kvixi 9% gvÎ| Sharnajit Kumar saha 27

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Z…Zxq cÖRb¥ (Third Generation-3 G) w. PÎ- 3 G †gvev. Bj Sharnajit Kumar saha 28

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Z…Zxq cÖR‡b¥i †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi ‰ewkó¨ Øc¨v‡KU my. Bw. Ps I mvw. K©U my. Bw. Ps Dfq c×w. Z‡Z †WUv UªvÝwgkb| Øg‡Wg ms‡hv. R‡bi gva¨‡g †gvev. Bj †dv‡b B›Uvi‡b‡Ui e¨envi| ؆iw. WI wd «‡Kv‡qwÝ W-CDMA Ges UMTS ÷¨vÛv. W©| ØEDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution) c×w. Z Kvh©Ki nq| d‡j Awa. K cwigv. Y †WUv 29 Sharnajit Kumar saha

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Z…Zxq cÖR‡b¥i †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi ‰ewkó¨ ؆WUv ¯’vbvšÍi D”PMw. Z m¤úbœ| †WUv †i. U 2 Ggwewc. Gm Gi Awa. K| ؆gvev. Bj e¨vsw. Ks, B-Kgvm© BZ¨vw` †mev Kvh©µg Pvjy m¤¢e nq| ØG‡ÿ‡Î GSM, EDGE, UTMS Ges CDMA cÖhyw³ e¨eüZ nq| ØAvšÍR©vw. ZK †ivwgs myweav| Sharnajit Kumar saha 30

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Z…Zxq cÖRb¥ †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi myweavmg~n q memgq B›Uvi‡b. U ms‡hv. M †`qv _v‡K, Avjv`v K‡i B›Uvi‡b. U ms‡hv. M †`qvi cÖ‡qv. Rb nq bv| q w. Ww. RUvj c×w. Z‡Z f‡qm Ges †WUv ¯’vbvšÍwi. Z nq| q wfw. WI Kbdv‡iÝ (Video Conferance) Kiv hvq| q Mvb †kvbv, w. Uwf I wm‡bgv †`Lv Ges Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Wv. Db‡jv. W Kiv hvq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 31

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Z…Zxq cÖRb¥ †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi D`vni. Y v. UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) v IMT (International Mobile Telecommunication) 2000 v. MC- CDMA v. TD-SCDMA v. EDGE v. HSPA 32 Sharnajit Kumar saha

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ PZz_© cÖRb¥ (Fourth Generation 4 G) Av. Mvwg w`‡bi †gvev. Bj †dvb wm‡÷g n‡jv PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i †gvev. Bj †dvb wm‡÷g| G cÖR‡b¥i †gvev. Bj wm‡÷‡gi cÖavb ‰ewkó¨ n‡jv mvw. K©U my. Bw. Ps ev c¨v‡KU my. Bw. Ps‡qi cwie‡Z© B›Uvi‡b. U cÖ‡Uv. Kj (IP) wfwËK †b. UIqv‡K©i e¨envi| B›Uvi‡b. U cÖ‡Uv. Kj e¨env‡ii d‡j †gvev. Bj †Uwj‡dvb wm‡÷g (IP) wfwËK †b. UIqv. K© e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g †WUv Av`vbcÖ`vb Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i †gvev. Bj †dvb wm‡÷‡g Avj. Uªv-eªWe¨vÛ Mw. Zi B›Uvi‡b. U e¨envi Kiv hv‡e| Sharnajit Kumar saha 33

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ PZz_© cÖRb¥ (Fourth Generation 4 G) `ªæZ Pjbkxj w. Wfv. B‡mi †ÿ‡Î Gi †WUv ¯’vbvšÍi Mw. Z 100 †g. Mvwe. U/†m‡KÛ Ges w¯’i w. Wfv. B‡mi †ÿ‡Î Gi †WUv ¯’vbvšÍi Mw. Z 1 †MMvwe. U/†m‡KÛ| D`vni. Y¯^iƒc, j¨vc. Uc, ¯§v. U©‡dvb Ges Ab¨vb¨ †gvev. Bj w. Wfv. B‡mi mv‡_ BDGmwe Iq¨vi‡jm g‡Wg| PZz_© cÖR‡b¥ D™¢vwe. Z cÖhyw³i g‡a¨ Wi. MAX, Flash-OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), 3 GPP LTE (3 rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution) e¨eüZ n‡”Q| 34

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ PZz_© cÖRb¥ (Fourth Generation 4 G) 2010 mv‡ji ïiæi w`‡K Iqvi‡jm B›Uvi‡b. U myweavmn Amazon Kindle, Nook bv‡g wewfbœ B-wi. Wvi(E-reader) ev. Rv‡i Av‡m| me©‡kl Iq¨vi‡jm B›Uvi‡b. U myweavmn A¨v‡cj †Kv¤úvwbi i. PAD bvg. K †Ue‡j. U w. Wfv. Bm ev. Rv‡i cv. Iqv hv‡”Q| Sharnajit Kumar saha 35

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ PZz_© cÖRb¥ (Fourth Generation 4 G) w. PÎ- 4 G †gvev. Bj Sharnajit Kumar saha 36

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i †gvev. Bj †dv‡bi ˆewkó¨ D”P ÿg. Zvm¤úbœ c¨v‡KU †WUv UªvÝwgkb| D”P Mw. Zm¤úbœ Iq¨vi‡jm eªWe¨vÛ mvwf©m| D”P Mw. Zi wd «‡Kv‡qwÝ| Iqvi‡jm B›Uvi‡b. U myweavmn i. PAD bvg. K †Ue‡j. U w. Wfv. B‡mi e¨envi| USB †cv‡U©i gva¨‡g mivmwi Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨envi Kiv hvq| wÎ-gvwÎK Qwe cÖ`k©‡bi e¨e¯’v| Sharnajit Kumar saha 37

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Sharnajit Kumar saha 38

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Sharnajit Kumar saha 39

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Home Work 3 G I 4 G Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wj. L ? 40

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Kw¤úDUvi †b. UIqv‡K©i avi. Yv Kw¤úDUvi †b. UIqv. K© ej‡Z ey. Svq `y. B ev Z‡Zvwa. K Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ ms‡hv. M e¨e¯’v| A_©vr wewfbœ Kw¤úDUvi †Kv‡bv †hv. Mv‡hv. M e¨e¯’v Øviv GKm‡½ hy³ _v. K‡j Zv‡K e‡j Kw¤úDUvi †b. UIqv. K©| Sharnajit Kumar saha 41

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Kw¤úDUvi †b. UIqv‡K©i e¨env‡ii D‡Ïk¨ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. dv. Bj ev Z_¨ wewbgq nv. W©Iq¨vi wi‡mvm© †kqvwis md. UIq¨vi wi‡mvm© †kqvwis Z_¨ msiÿY Z_¨ myiÿv ev. Z©v ev †g‡m. R Av`vb-cÖ`vb Sharnajit Kumar saha 42

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †b. UIqv‡K©i cÖKvi‡f` Av. Kvi I we¯Í…w. Zi Dci wfwË K‡i Kw¤úDUvi †b. UIqv. K©‡K cÖavb. Z Pvifv‡M fv. M Kiv nq| 1. cv‡m©vbvj Gwiqv †b. UIqv. K© ev c¨vb (Personal Area Network-PAN) 2. †jv. Kvj Gwiqv †b. UIqv. K© ev j¨vb (Local Area Network-LAN) 3. †g‡Uªvcwj. Ub Gwiqv †b. UIqv. K© ev g¨vb (Metropolitan Area Network-MAN) 4. Iqv. BW Gwiqv †b. UIqv. K© ev Iqvb (Wide Area Network-WAN) Sharnajit Kumar saha

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ cv‡m©vbvj Gwiqv †b. UIqv. K© †Kv‡bv e¨w³i wb. KUe. Zx© wewfbœ w. Wfv. B‡mi g‡a¨ ms‡hv. M ¯’vcb K‡i Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi †b. UIqv. K© wm‡÷g‡K PAN e‡j| c¨vb e¨w³MZ w. Wfv. Bm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †hv. Mv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i A_ev nvqvi †j‡fj †b. UIqv. K© Ges B›Uvi‡b‡Ui mv‡_ †hv. Mv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨I n‡Z cv‡i| c¨vb Gi we¯Í…w. Z mvavi. YZ 10 wg. Uvi Gi g‡a¨ mxgve×| PAN G e¨eüZ w. Wfv. Bm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hv. M¨ w. Wfv. Bm n‡”Q j¨vc. Uc, enb‡hv. M¨ wcÖ›Uvi, †gvev. Bj BZ¨vw`| Sharnajit Kumar saha 44

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ cv‡m©vbvj Gwiqv †b. UIqv. K© c¨vb Gi ‰ewkó¨vewj: 1. cv‡m©vbvj Kw¤úDUvi w. Wfv. Bmmg~‡ni g‡a¨ †hv. Mv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq| 2. e¨vwß mvavi. YZ K‡q. K wg. Uv‡ii g‡a¨B mxgve× _v‡K| 3. Kw¤úDUvi evmmg~n †hgb- BDGmwe ev dvqvi. Iq¨vi Gi gva¨‡g Zvi Øviv hy³ _v. K‡Z cv‡i| 4. Iq¨vi‡jm †b. UIqv. K© cÖhyw³ Øviv GKw. U Iq¨vi‡jm cv‡m©vbvj Gwiqv †b. UIqv. K© ‰Zwi Kiv m¤¢e| Sharnajit Kumar saha 45

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †jv. Kvj Gwiqv †b. UIqv. K©© †jv. Kvj Gwiqv †b. UIqv. K© ev j¨vb ¯^í cwim‡ii Rvq. Mvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq| mvavi. YZ 10 w. K. wg. ev Zvi Kg cwim‡ii Rvq. Mvi g‡a¨ cÖ‡qv. Rbxq ms. L¨K Kw¤úDUvi ev Ab¨‡Kv‡bv †cwi‡divj w. Wfv. Bm mshy³ K‡i †h †b. UIqv. K© ˆZwi Kiv nq Zv‡K LAN e‡j| †ewki fv. M LAN GKB wewìs ev `y. B w. Zbw. U cvkvcvwk Aew¯’Z wewìs Gi g‡a¨ †b. UIqv. K© cÖw. Zôv Ki‡Z e¨eüZ nq| Gw. U mvavi. YZ ¯‹zj-K‡j. R ev wek¦we`¨vjq, eo Awdm wewìs‡q e¨envi Kiv nq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 46

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †jv. Kvj Gwiqv †b. UIqv‡K©i ‰ewkó¨vewj: mxwg. Z `~i‡Z¡i g‡a¨ Gi Kvh©µg mxgve×| †kªw. Y ms‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g Kw¤úDUvi. My‡jv mshy³ nq| DcvË ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii nvi mvavi. YZ 10 †g. Mvwe. U/†mt †_‡K 1000 †g. Mvwe. U / †mt| G †b. UIqv. K© ¯’vcb I iÿYv‡eÿY c×w. Z mn. R I Li. P Kg| GB †b. UIqv‡K© Kw¤úDUvi. My‡jv Zvi I Zviwenxb ms‡hv. M cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 47

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †jv. Kvj Gwiqv †b. UIqv‡K©i cÖKvi‡f` †b. UIqv‡K©i wbqš¿Y Kv. Vv‡gv Ges mvwf©m cÖ`v‡bi ai‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i G‡K cÖavb. Z w. Zb fv‡M fv. M Kiv hvq| K. K¬v‡q›U-mvf©vi †b. UIqv. K© (Client-Server Network) L. wcqvi-Uz-wcqvi †b. UIqv. K© (Peer to Peer Network) M. wgkª ev nv. BweªW †b. UIqv. K© (Hybrid Network) Sharnajit Kumar saha 48

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ K¬v‡q›U-mvf©vi †b. UIqv. K© GK ev GKvwa. K †Ww. W‡K‡UW mvf©v‡ii mgš^‡q G ai‡bi †b. UIqv. K© Mw. VZ nq| G †Ww. W‡K‡UW mvf©vi K¬v‡q›U wcwmÕi Rb¨ cÖ‡qv. Rbxq mvwf©m cÖ`vb K‡i| mvwf©mmg~‡ni Av. IZvq cÖavb. Z hv _v‡K Zvn‡jv dv. Bj, wcÖ›U †g‡m. R, Wv. Uv‡e. R, Gwcø‡Kkb BZ¨vw`| Sharnajit Kumar saha 49

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ K¬v‡q›U-mvf©vi †b. UIqv. K© Sharnajit Kumar saha 50

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ K¬v‡q›U-mvf©vi †b. UIqv. K© Sharnajit Kumar saha 51

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wcqvi-Uz-wcqvi †b. UIqv. K© wcqvi Uz wcqvi †b. UIqv. K© c×w. Z‡Z wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv mvf©vi _v‡K bv| G cÖKv‡ii †b. UIqv‡K© cÖw. Zw. U wcwm wi‡mvm© †kqvwis-Gi †ÿ‡Î mgvb f~wg. Kv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| GLv‡b †Kv‡bv †Ww. W‡K‡UW mvf©vi _v‡K bv, d‡j GLv‡b wcwm. My‡jvi g‡a¨ ¸iæ‡Z¡i w`K †_‡K †Kv‡bv †kªw. Yweb¨vm. I †b. B| cÖw. Zw. U c„_K wcwm Zvi Wv. Uvi wbivcËv weav‡b wb‡RB `vqx _v‡K| wcwmÕi e¨envi. Kvix G‡ÿ‡Î wba©vi. Y K‡i †`b Zvi †Kv‡bv dv. Bj ev †WUv †b. UIqv‡K© Ab¨vb¨‡`i e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Db¥y³ _v. K‡e| Sharnajit Kumar saha 52

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wcqvi-Uz-wcqvi †b. UIqv. K© Sharnajit Kumar saha 53

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wcqvi-Uz-wcqvi †b. UIqv. K © Sharnajit Kumar saha 54

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wcqvi-Uz-wcqvi †b. UIqv. K© 55

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Home Work K¬v‡q›U-mvf©vi †b. UIqv. K© I wcqvi-Uz-wcqvi †b. UIqv. K© Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wj. L ? 56

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wgkª ev nv. BweªW †b. UIqv. K© g~j. Z K¬v‡q›U mvf©vi I wcqvi-Uz -wcqvi †b. UIqv‡K©i GKw. U mgš^q| mvavi. YZ nv. BweªW †b. UIqv‡K© K¬v‡q›U mvf©vi As‡ki cÖvavb¨ _v‡K| Z‡e Gi cvkvcvwk GLv‡b ¯^í we¯Ív‡i wcqvi-Uy-wcqvi †b. UIqv‡K©i Ask †Rvov †`qv n‡q _v‡K| G cÖwµqvq Kw¤úDUvi ev †bv. WMy‡jv‡K mivmwi †K›`ªxq Kw¤úDUv‡ii m‡½ hy³ bv K‡i we‡kl ¯’v‡b ¯’vcb Kiv nq I Zvici Mw. Zkxj ms‡hv. Mc_ Øviv mshy³ Kiv nq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 57

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wgkª ev nv. BweªW †b. UIqv. K© 58

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †g‡Uªvcwj. Ub Gwiqv †b. UIqv. K© GKB kn‡ii wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z Kw¤úDUvi Ges w. Wfv. Bm wb‡q †h †b. UIqv. K© Mw. VZ nq Zv‡K MAN e‡j| Gw. U LAN Gi †_‡K eo Area Gi †b. UIqv. K©| hviv UªvÝwgkb wgw. Wqv wn‡m‡e mvavi. YZ †Uwj‡dvb jv. Bb, g‡Wg ev gv. B‡Kªv. I‡qf e¨envi Kiv nq| gvwëcvj iv. DUvi, my. BP Ges nve Øviv MAN Mw. VZ| mvavi. YZ †Kv‡bv e¨vs. K, wkÿv cÖw. Zôvb ev wkí cÖw. Zôv‡bi g‡a¨ †hv. Mv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ Gai‡bi †b. UIqv. K© c×w. Z e¨envi Kiv nq| 59

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †g‡Uªvcwj. Ub Gwiqv †b. UIqv. K© g¨vb Gi ‰ewkó¨vewj: 1. MAN Gi we¯Í…w. Z 10 †_‡K 30 w. K. wg. ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i| 2. LAN Gi Pv. B‡Z `ªæZ Mw. Zi| 3. Li. P Zzjbvg~j. Kfv‡e Kg| 4. ‡ekx cwigvb Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 60

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Home Work MAN I LAN Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wj. L ? 61

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Iqv. BW Gwiqv †b. UIqv. K© †h Kw¤úDUvi †b. UIqv. K© A‡b. K eo †fŠ‡Mvwj. K Ae¯’vb Ry‡o _v‡K Zv‡K Iqv. BW Gwiqv †b. UIqv. K© e‡j| G †b. UIqv. K© GKw. U †`‡ki wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© kn‡ii mv‡_ Kw¤úDUvi †b. UIqvw. K©s e¨e¯’v ¯’vcb Kiv nq| mvavi. YZ we‡k¦i wewfbœ kn‡i Aew¯’Z LAN ev MAN ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi w. Wfv. Bm. I G †b. UIqv‡K©i mshy³ _v. K‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Iqv‡bi cy‡iv welqw. U wbf©i Ki‡Q wdw. RK¨vj jv. Bb, dv. Bevi Acw. UK K¨vej, m¨v‡Ujv. BU Ges gv. B‡µv. I‡qf UªvÝwgk‡bi Dci| 62

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Iqv. BW Gwiqv †b. UIqv‡K©i myweav 1. wewfbœ cwims. L¨vb. MZ DcvË, cÎ-cwÎKv, e. B, Pjw”PÎ cÖf„w. Z ms. MÖn I e¨envi Kiv hvq| 2. ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨B we‡k¦i GK¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨¯’v‡b †WUv Ges msev` cv. Vv‡bv hvq| 3. B‡j. KUªwb. K †g. Bj cÖwµqvq we‡k¦i †h‡Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b w. Pw. VcÎ †cÖi. Y Kiv hvq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 63

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Iqv. BW Gwiqv †b. UIqv‡K©i Iqv. BW Gwiqv †b. UIqv. K© myweav 4. †iv. Mx N‡i †_‡K Wv³v‡ii m‡½ K_v ej‡Z cvi‡eb Ges cÖ‡qv. Rbxq w. Pw. Krmv wb‡Z cvi‡eb| 5. e¨w³MZ ev mgwóMZfv‡e ey‡jw. Ub †ev. W© MVb Kiv hvq| 6. Abjv. Bb kwcs Kiv hvq| 7. mg. MÖ †b. UIqv. K©-wek¦‡K †Uwe‡j e‡m cÖZ¨ÿ Kiv hvq| 8. QvÎ-QvÎxiv ¯‹zj-K‡j‡R bv w. M‡q. I Ab jv. B‡b K¬v‡m Ask. MÖn. Y Ki‡Z cv‡i| Sharnajit Kumar saha 64

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Home Work MAN I WAN Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wj. L ? 65

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †b. UIqv. K© w. Wfv. Bm m. Kj †b. UIqv. K© KZK¸‡jv †gŠwj. K Dcv`vb Øviv ‰Zwi| †b. UIqv‡K©i g‡a¨ AvšÍtms‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ Modem, Hub, Routers, Gateway, Switches, Network Interface Card (NIC) BZ¨vw` w. Wfv. B‡mi mv‡_ M¨vjfvwb. K K¨vej| eûj e¨eüZ nq | Sharnajit Kumar saha 66

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ g‡Wg (Modem) g‡Wg kãw. U Modulator I Demodulator mswÿßiƒc| Modulator k‡ãi Mo Ges Demodulator k‡ãi Dem wb‡q Modem kãw. U Mw. VZ n‡q‡Q| †b. UIqvw. K©s‡q Z_¨vewj Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î g‡Wg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wg. Kv cvjb K‡i| Modulator Gi Kv. R n‡”Q w. Ww. RUvj wm. Mb¨vj‡K A¨vbvj. M wm. Mb¨v‡j iƒcvšÍi Kiv Ges Demodulator Gi Kv. R n‡”Q A¨vbvj. M wm. Mb¨vj‡K w. Ww. RUvj wm. Mb¨v‡j iƒcvšÍi Kiv| Sharnajit Kumar saha 67

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ g‡Wg (Modem) w. Ww. RUvj wm. Mb¨vj‡K A¨vbvj. M wm. Mb¨v‡j cwie. Z©‡bi cÖwµqv‡K g. Wz‡jkb (Modulation) e‡j| MÖvn. K Kw¤úDUv‡ii m‡½ hy³ g‡Wg †m. B A¨vbvj. M wm. Mb¨vj‡K Avevi w. Ww. RUvj wm. Mb¨v‡j cwi. YZ K‡i Zv Kw¤úDUv‡ii e¨env‡ivc‡hv. Mx K‡i| Gfv‡e †Uwj‡dvb jv. Bb †_‡K cÖvß A¨vbvj. M wm. Mb¨vj‡K w. Ww. RUvj wm. Mb¨v‡j iƒcvšÍ‡ii cÖwµqv‡K w. Wg. Wz‡jkb (Demodulation) e‡j| Sharnajit Kumar saha 68

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †WUv †cÖi‡Y g‡W‡gi e¨envi Sharnajit Kumar saha 69

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †WUv †cÖi‡Y g‡W‡gi e¨envi 70

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †WUv †cÖi‡Y g‡W‡gi e¨envi Sharnajit Kumar saha 71

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †WUv †cÖi‡Y g‡W‡gi e¨envi Sharnajit Kumar saha 72

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Sharnajit Kumar saha 73

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ g‡Wg (Modem) ms‡hv. M c×w. Zi Dci wfwË K‡i g‡Wg‡K `yfv‡M fv. M Kiv hvq| h_v 1. B›Uvibvj g‡Wg (Internal Modem) 2. G·Uvibvj g‡Wg (External Modem) Sharnajit Kumar saha 74

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ g‡Wg (Modem) B›Uvibvj g‡Wg (Internal Modem): B›Uvibvj g‡Wg g~j. Z GKw. U Kv. W© we‡kl| G Kv. W© wcwmi gv`vi‡ev‡W©i G·cvbkvb ¯ø‡U jv. Mv‡bv _v‡K| G·Uvibvj g‡Wg (External Modem): †h g‡Wg K¨ve‡ji mvnv‡h¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii Kwg. Dwb‡Kkb †cv‡U©i mv‡_ ev. B‡ii w`K †_‡K mshy³ Kiv nq Zv‡K G·Uvibvj g‡Wg e‡j| Sharnajit Kumar saha 75

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ G·Uvibvj g‡Wg (Modem) Sharnajit Kumar saha 76

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ G·Uvibvj g‡Wg (Modem) Sharnajit Kumar saha 77

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ B›Uvibvj g‡Wg (Desktop) 78

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ B›Uvibvj g‡Wg (Laptop) Sharnajit Kumar saha 79

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ B›Uvibvj g‡Wg (Laptop) 80

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ nve (Hub) nve n‡jv †b. UIqv‡K©i w. Wfv. Bmmg~‡ni Rb¨ GKw. U mvavi. Y Kv‡b. Kkb c‡q›U| nv‡ei gva¨‡g Kw¤úDUvimg~n ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K| Kw¤úDUv‡ii ms‡hv. M ms. L¨vi Dci nv‡ei ÿg. Zv wbf©i K‡i| j¨v‡bi †m. M‡g›UMy‡jv Kv‡b± Kivi Rb¨ mvavi. Yfv‡e e¨eüZ nq| nv‡ei g‡a¨ A‡b. KMy‡jv †cv. U© _v‡K| †WUv c¨v‡KU GKw. U †cv‡U© Avm‡j Gw. U Ab¨ †cv‡U© Kwc nq hv‡Z me †m. M‡g›U me c¨v‡KUmg~n †`L‡Z cv‡i| Sharnajit Kumar saha 81

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ nve (Hub) Sharnajit Kumar saha 82

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ nve (Hub) Sharnajit Kumar saha 83

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ nve (Hub) Kvh©Kvwi. Zvi w`K †_‡K nve cÖavb. Z `ycÖKvi| h_v− 1. mwµq nve (Active Hub) 2. wbw®Œq nve (Passive Hub) Sharnajit Kumar saha 84

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ nve (Hub) mwµq nve (Active Hub) : Gai‡bi nve ms‡K‡Zi gvb‡K e„w× K‡i Ges g~j ms‡KZ †_‡K AcÖ‡qv. Rbxq ms‡KZ ev` w`‡q cÖ‡qv. Rbxq ms‡KZ †cÖi. Y K‡i| Awa. K ÿg. Zvhy³ G ai‡bi nve‡K A‡b. K mgq Intelligent Hub ejv nq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 85

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ nve (Hub) wbw®Œq nve (Passive Hub) Gai‡bi nve Kw¤úDUvimg~‡ni g‡a¨ †KejgvÎ Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb K‡i| Gw. U ms‡K‡Zi gvb e„w× K‡i bv| G Kvi‡Y Gme nve‡K †Kv‡bv G¨v. Kw. Uf w. Wfv. B‡mi mv‡_ hy³ K‡i †`qv nq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 86

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ nve (Hub) nv‡ei myweav (Advantages of Hub) 1. `vg Kg| 2. wewfbœ wgw. Wqvg‡K mshy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| nv‡ei Amyweav (Disadvantages of Hub) 1. †b. UIqv. K© Uªvwd. K e„w× cvq| 2. †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b evavi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| 3. †WUv wdëvwis m¤¢e bq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 87

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ my. BP (Switch) my. BP GKw. U †b. UIqv. K© w. Wfv. Bm hv †b. UIqv‡K©i g‡a¨ mvf©vi, Iqv. K©‡÷kb Ges wewfbœ †cwi‡dwiqvj w. Wfv. B‡mi g‡a¨ ms‡hv. M cÖ`vb. Kvix cÖavb w. Wfv. Bm wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| nv‡ei mv‡_ my. B‡Pi cv_©K¨ n‡jv my. BP †cÖi. K cÖvšÍ †_‡K cÖvß †WUv cÖvc. K Kw¤úDUv‡ii mywbw`©ó †cv. U©w. U‡Z cvw. V‡q †`q| w. Kš‘ nve H †WUv wm. Mb¨vj cÖvc. K Kw¤úDUv‡ii me. My‡jv †cv‡U©B 88 cv. Vvq| Sharnajit Kumar saha

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ my. BP (Switch) Sharnajit Kumar saha 89

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ my. BP (Switch) Sharnajit Kumar saha 90

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ my. BP (Switch) my. B‡Pi myweav : 1. †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î evavi m¤¢vebv Kgvq| 2. fv. P©yqvj LAN e¨envi K‡i eªWKv÷ wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| my. B‡Pi Amyweav : 1. nv‡ei Zzjbvq g~j¨ w. KQz. Uv †ewk| 2. †WUv wdëvwis m¤¢e bq| 3. Kbwd. Mv‡ikb Zzjbvg~j. Kfv‡e Rw. Uj| Sharnajit Kumar saha 91

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Home Work nve I my. BP Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wj. L ? 92

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ iv. DUvi (Router) Gw. U GKw. U eyw×gvb B›Uvi‡b. UIqv. K© Kv‡b. Kw. Uwfw. U w. Wfv. Bm hv jw. RK¨vj G‡Wªm e¨envi K‡i `y. B ev Z‡Zvwa. K †b. UIqv. K© †m. M‡g‡›Ui g‡a¨ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v K‡i| iv. DUvi wewfbœ Kwg. Dwb‡Kkb †b. UIqv‡K©i g‡a¨ †WUv Av`vbcÖ`vb K‡i| Gw. U GK †b. UIqv. K© †_‡K Ab¨ †b. UIqv‡K© †WUv ¯’vbvšÍi K‡i| †WUv Drm I MšÍ‡e¨i Dci wfwË K‡i iv. DUvi †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ mn. R, wbivc` I Kg `~i‡Z¡i c_w. U †e‡Q †bq| 93 Sharnajit Kumar saha

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Wireless Router 94

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Wire Router 95

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ iv. DUvi Gi e¨venvi

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ iv. DUvi (Router) iv. DUv‡ii myweavmg~n: 1. †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi †ÿ‡Î evavi m¤¢vebv Kgvq| 2. †WUv wdëvwis m¤¢e nq| 3. wewfbœ ai‡bi †b. UIqv. K© †hgb-B_vi‡b. U, †Uv‡Kb, wis BZ¨vw`‡K mshy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Sharnajit Kumar saha 97

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ iv. DUvi (Router) iv. DUv‡ii Amyweav: 1. iv. DUv‡ii `vg †ewk| 2. iv. DUvi GKB †cÖv‡Uv. Kj †b. UIqv. K© Qvov mshy³ n‡Z cv‡i bv| 3. Kbwd. Mv‡ikb Zzjbvg~j. K Rw. Uj| 4. axi. Mw. Zm¤úbœ| Sharnajit Kumar saha 98

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †MUI‡q (Gateway) †MUI‡q e¨envi K‡i †b. UIqv. K© m¤úªmvi‡Yi Kv. R Kiv nq| †MUI‡q GKw. U †b. UIqv. K©‡K Av‡i. Kw. U †b. UIqv‡K©i mv‡_ mshy³ K‡i| Gw. U GKw. U †b. UIqv. K© Kv‡bw±wfw. U w. Wfv. Bm hv wewfbœ Kwg. Dwb‡Kkb †cÖv‡Uv. Kj Uªv݇j. U K‡i A_©vr GK †cÖv‡Uv. Kj‡K Ab¨ Av‡i. K ai‡bi †cÖv‡Uv. K‡ji mv‡_ mshy³ K‡i| Sharnajit Kumar saha 99

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †MUI‡q (Gateway) Sharnajit Kumar saha 100

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †MUI‡q Gi e¨venvi 101

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †MUI‡q (Gateway) †MUI‡qi myweavmg~n : 1. †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi †ÿ‡Î evavi m¤¢vebv Kg| 2. wewfbœ cÖ‡Uv. Kjwewkó †b. UIqv. K© mshy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| †MUI‡qi Amyweavmg~n : 1. Gw. U axi Mw. Zm¤úbœ| 2. Ab¨vb¨ w. Wfv. B‡mi †P‡q e¨qeûj| 3. Kbwd. Mv‡ikb Kiv Zzjbvg~j. K Rw. Uj| Sharnajit Kumar saha 102

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Home Work iv. DUvi I †MUI‡q Gi g‡a¨ cÖavb cv_©K¨ w. K ? 103

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †b. UIqv. K© B›Uvi‡dm Kv. W© (NIC) NIC Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡”Q Network Interface Card| Kw¤úDUvi‡K †b. UIqv. K©fy³ Kivi Rb¨ †h B›Uvi‡dm Kv. W© e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K †b. UIqv. K© B›Uvi‡dm Kv. W© e‡j| G Kv. W©‡K j¨vb Kv. W© ev †b. UIqv. K© A¨v. WvÞvi Kv. W©I e‡j| Gw. U e¨envi. Kvix‡K G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ K¨vej A_ev Iq¨vi‡j‡mi gva¨‡g mshy³ n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| Sharnajit Kumar saha 104

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †b. UIqv. K© B›Uvi‡dm Kv. W© (NIC) †b. UIqv. K© Kv‡W©i ‰ewkó¨ n‡jv G‡Z 48 we‡Ui GKw. U AwØZxq †Kv. W ev µwg. K b¤^i _v‡K; hvi d‡j GKw. U Kv‡W©i mv‡_ Aciw. Ui †Kv‡bv wgj _v‡K bv| GB µwg. K b¤^i‡K g¨v. K (MAC) A¨v‡Wªm e‡j| GB g¨v. K A¨v‡Wªm Kv‡W©i i‡g msiwÿZ _v‡K| Sharnajit Kumar saha 105

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ NIC Card (Desktop) 106

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ NIC Card (Desktop) 107

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ NIC Card (Laptop) Sharnajit Kumar saha 108

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wiwc. Uvi (Repeater) Kw¤úDUvi †b. UIqv‡K© K¨ve‡ji gva¨‡g hy³ Kw¤úDUviw. U hw` `~‡i nq Zvn‡j Gi ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwn. Z †WUv wm. Mb¨vj `ye©j n‡q hvq| G `ye©j wm. Mb¨vj‡K mej Kiv Ges MšÍe¨ ¯’v‡bi w`‡K †cÖi. Y Kivi Rb¨ wiwc. Uvi e¨envi Kiv nq| †b. UIqv. K© ms‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ `~i. Z¡ evov‡bvi Rb¨ wiwc. Uvi e¨envi Kiv nq| 109

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wiwc. Uvi (Repeater) Sharnajit Kumar saha 110

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wiwc. Uv‡ii myweavmg~n 1. †b. UIqv. K© Uªvwd. K e„w× bv K‡i †WUv A¨vgwcødv. B ev kw³kvjx K‡i mvg‡bi w`K †cÖi. Y Kiv hvq| 2. †b. UIqv. K© ms‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ `~i. Z¡ evov‡bvi Rb¨ wiwc. Uvi e¨envi Kiv nq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 111

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wiwc. Uv‡ii Amyweavmg~n 1. †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi †ÿ‡Î evavi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| 2. mxwg. Z ms. L¨K Kw¤úDUvi hy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Sharnajit Kumar saha 112

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ weªR (Bridge) G w. Wfv. Bm GKvwa. K LAN Gi †f. Zi ms‡hv. M ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq| weªR‡K cÖavb. Z w. Zb fv‡M fv. M Kiv hvq| 1. 2. 3. ‡jv. Kvj weªR| wi‡gv. U weªR| Iq¨vi‡jm weªR| Sharnajit Kumar saha 113

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ weªR (Bridge) 114

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ weªR (Bridge) Sharnajit Kumar saha 115

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Kw¤úDUvi †b. UIqv‡K©i Kv. R Kw¤úDUvi †b. UIqv‡K©i mvnv‡h¨ Lye mn‡R we‡k¦i GK¯’vb n‡Z Ab¨¯’v‡b Wv. Uv ev msev` cv. Vv‡bv hvq| G‡Z mg‡qi Ac. Pq Kg nq Ges Li. PI Kg jv‡M| cÖ‡qv. R‡b Z_¨mg~n msiÿY K‡i iv. Lv hvq Ges mgqg‡Zv MÖvn‡Ki wb. KU cv. Vv‡bv hvq| Kw¤úDUvi †b. UIqv‡K©i mvnv‡h¨ N‡i e‡m `~i-`~iv‡šÍi Wv³v‡ii mv‡_ †hv. Mv‡hv. M Kiv hvq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 116

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Kw¤úDUvi †b. UIqv‡K©i Kv. R QvÎ-QvÎxiv K‡j. R ev wek¦we`¨vj‡q bv w. M‡q. B †h‡Kv‡bv K¬v‡m Ask MÖn. Y Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges cÖkœ-Dˇii gva¨‡g wkÿ‡Ki Kv. Q †_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv mgm¨vi mgvavb wb‡Z cv‡i| N‡i e‡m †µZv †Kbv-Kv. Uv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| e¨w³MZ ev mgwóMZfv‡e ey‡jw. Ub †ev. W© MVb Kiv hvq| B-†g. Bj †cÖi. Y ev MÖn. Y Kiv hvq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 117

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R wewfbœ Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ ms‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ †h R¨vwgw. ZK mwbœ‡ek Kiv nq Zv‡K U‡cvjw. Re‡j| A_©vr Kw¤úDUvi †b. UIqv‡K© GKw. U Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii ms‡hv. M e¨e¯’v‡KB Topology e‡j| †b. UIqv‡K©i Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ Zv‡ii gva¨‡g hy³ _v‡K| Sharnajit Kumar saha 118

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R †b. UIqv‡K©i Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv‡K Zv‡ii gva¨‡g mshy³ Kivi b. Kkv Ges ms‡hv. MKvix Zv‡ii wf. Zi w`‡q †WUv hv. Iqv-Avmvi Rb¨ hyw³ wbf©i c‡_i †h cwi. Kíbv G `y‡qi mgwš^Z avi. Yv‡K ejv nq †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R| Sharnajit Kumar saha 119

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Kw¤úDUvi †b. UIqv‡K© mvavi. YZ wb¤œwjw. LZ ms. MVb e¨envi Kiv hvq− K. ÷vi †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R L. wis †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R M. evm †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R N. w. Uª †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R O. †gk †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R P. nv. BweªW †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R Sharnajit Kumar saha 120

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ ÷vi †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R 121

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ ÷vi †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R Sharnajit Kumar saha 122

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Sharnajit Kumar saha 123

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ ÷vi †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R ÷vi U‡cvjw. R †b. UIqv‡K© me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUvi GKw. U †K›`ªxq Rvskb †_‡K ms‡hv. M †`qv nq| †K›`ªxq Rvskb wnmv‡e nve ev my. B‡Pi e¨envi Kiv nq| ÷vi †b. UIqv‡K© cÖ‡Z¨Kw. U Kw¤úDUvi GKw. U nve ev my. B‡Pi gva¨‡g mivmwi hy³ _v‡K| gv. B‡µv. Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv nv‡ei gva¨‡g G‡K A‡b¨i mv‡_ †hv. Mv‡hv. M iÿv K‡i I †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb K‡i| †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y †K›`ªxq Kw¤úDUviw. U Kg©`ÿZv nviv‡j †b. UIqv. K©w. U Kg©`ÿZv nvivq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 124

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ ÷vi †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. Ri myweavmg~n 1. †b. UIqv‡K©i †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi bó n‡j. I †b. UIqv‡K©i evw. K As‡ki Kv‡Ri e¨v. Nv. Z nq bv| 2. GKB †b. UIqv‡K© wewfbœ ai‡bi K¨vej e¨envi Kiv hvq| 3. ÷vi †b. UIqv‡K© †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi †hv. M Kiv ev ev` †`qv hvq, Zv‡Z Kv‡R †Kv‡bv we. Nœ N‡U bv| 4. †K›`ªxqfv‡e †b. UIqv. K© iÿYv‡eÿY ev mgm¨v wbiƒc. Y mn. R| Sharnajit Kumar saha 125

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ ÷vi †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. Ri Amyweavmg~n 1. G c×w. Z‡Z †K›`ªxq Kw¤úDUvi bó n‡q †M‡j m¤ú~Y© †b. UIqv. K© wm‡÷g. B APj n‡q c‡o| Kvi. Y cy‡iv †b. UIqv. K© nv‡ei gva¨‡g. B ci¯ú‡ii m‡½ hy³ _v‡K| 2. ÷vi U‡cvjw. R‡Z cÖPzi cwigv‡Y K¨vej e¨eüZ nq weavq Gw. U GKw. U e¨qeûj c×w. Z| Sharnajit Kumar saha 126

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wis †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R 127

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wis †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R Sharnajit Kumar saha 128

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wis †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R 129

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wis †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R 130

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wis †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R 131

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wis †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R wis U‡cv‡jvw. R †b. UIqv‡K© me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUvi‡K K¨ve‡ji gva¨‡g Ggbfv‡e mshy³ Kiv nq †h GKw. U wis ev jy‡ci m„wó nq| G U‡cvjw. R‡Z †Kv‡bv kyiæ ev †kl cÖvšÍ mxgv Lyu‡R cv. Iqv hvq bv| wis †b. UIqv‡K© Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv †bv. W Gi gva¨‡g e„Ëv. Kvi c‡_ ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ _v‡K| wis U‡cvjw. R †b. UIqv‡K© Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv‡K mivmwi ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K bv weavq †b. UIqv‡K©i †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUv‡i mivmwi ms‡KZ cv. Vv‡Z cv‡i bv| 132

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wis †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R ms‡KZw. U †cÖi. K Kw¤úDUvi I MÖvn. K Kw¤úDUv‡ii ga¨e. Z©x Ab¨me Kw¤úDUv‡ii †f. Zi w`‡q †h‡q Z‡e. B MÖvn. K Kw¤úDUv‡i †cuŠ‡Q| GRb¨ †b. UIqv‡K©i †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi ms‡KZ cybt†cÖi‡Yi ÿg. Zv nviv‡j w. Ksev Lvivc n‡q †M‡j A_ev wew”Qbœ Ae¯’vq _v. K‡j, cy‡iv †b. UIqv. K©w. U A‡K‡Rv n‡q c‡o| G‡ÿ‡Î Lvivc Kw¤úDUviw. U Acmvi. Y K‡i cybivq ms‡hv. M m¤úbœ Ki‡Z nq| Sharnajit Kumar saha 133

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wis †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. Ri myweavmg~n 1. †b. UIqv‡K© †Kv‡bv mvf©vi Kw¤úDUv‡ii cÖ‡qv. Rb nq bv| A_v©r Gw. U GK ai‡bi w. Ww÷ªwe. D‡UW †WUv cÖ‡mwms wm‡÷g| 2. †b. UIqv‡K© Kw¤úDUvi ms. L¨v evo‡j. I Gi `ÿZv Lye †ewk cÖfvwe. Z nq bv| 3. G †b. UIqv‡K© †Kv‡bv †bv. W‡K †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUv‡ii Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z nq bv| hw` †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi bó _v‡K Z‡e †m. B Kw¤úDUvi‡K wis n‡Z Sharnajit Kumar saha 134

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ wis †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. Ri Amyweavmg~n 1. G †b. UIqv‡K© GKw. U gvÎ Kw¤úDUvi mgm¨vq AvµvšÍ n‡j cy‡iv †b. UIqv. K© APj n‡q co‡e| 2. wis U‡cvjw. Ri †ÿ‡Î †b. UIqv‡K©i †Kv‡bv mgm¨v wbiyc. Y †ek Rw. Uj| 3. †b. UIqv‡K© †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi †hv. M Ki‡j ev mwi‡q wb‡j Zv cy‡iv †b. UIqv‡K©i Kvh©µg e¨vn. Z K‡i| 4. G †b. UIqv‡K© Kw¤úDUv‡ii ms. L¨v evo‡j †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi mgq. I †e‡o hvq| 5. wis U‡cvjw. Ri Rb¨ Rw. Uj wbqš¿Y md. UIq¨vi e¨eüZ nq|

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Home Work ÷vi I wis †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ w. K ? 136

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ evm †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R Sharnajit Kumar saha Sharnajit Kumar 137

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ evm †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R Sharnajit Kumar saha 138

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ evm †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R Sharnajit Kumar saha 139

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ evm †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R Sharnajit Kumar saha Sharnajit Kumar 140

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ evm †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R Sharnajit Kumar saha 141

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ evm †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R Sharnajit Kumar saha 142

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ evm †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R Sharnajit Kumar saha 143

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ evm †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R Sharnajit Kumar saha 144

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Sharnajit Kumar saha 145

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ evm †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R †h Uª‡cvjw. R‡Z GKw. U g~j Zv‡ii mv‡_ me. Kqw. U Iqv. K©‡÷kb ev Kw¤úDUvi mshy³ _v‡K Zv‡K evm U‡cvjw. R ejv nq| evm U‡cvjw. Ri cÖavb K¨vejw. U‡K ejv nq e¨v. K‡evb| evm †b. UIqv. K© ms. MV‡b GKw. U ms‡hv. M jv. B‡bi mv‡_ me. My‡jv †bv. W hy³ _v‡K| ms‡hv. M jv. Bb‡K mvavi. YZ evm ejv nq| GKw. U Kw¤úDUvi Ab¨ Kw¤úDUvi †bv‡Wi ms‡hv. M jv. B‡bi gva¨‡g ms‡KZ cv. Vvq| Ab¨vb¨ Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv Zv‡`i †bv‡W †m. B ms‡KZ cixÿv K‡i Ges †KejgvÎ cÖvc. K †bv. W †m. B ms‡KZ MÖn. Y K‡i| 146

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ evm †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. Ri myweavmg~n 1. G †b. UIqv‡K©i cÖavb myweav n‡jv †b. UIqv. K© Lye mvavi. Y Ges wdw. RK¨vj jv. B‡bi ms. L¨v gvÎ GKw. U| 2. G ms. MVbw. U mn. R mij Ges †Qv. U Av. Kv‡ii †b. UIqv‡K© e¨envi Kiv mn. R| 3. evm †b. UIqv‡K©i †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi bó n‡q †M‡j Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i Kv. R Ki‡Z †Kv‡bv Amyweav nq bv| mn‡RB †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi †b. UIqv. K© n‡Z wew”Qbœ Kiv m¤¢e| Sharnajit Kumar saha 147

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ evm †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. Ri myweavmg~n 4. evm †b. UIqv‡K© Kw¤úDUvi mshy³ Ki‡Z Kg Zv‡ii cÖ‡qv. Rb nq d‡j Li. P Kg nq| 5. †b. UIqv‡K©i e¨v. K‡evb ev evm mn‡R m¤cÖmvi. Y Kiv hvq| Sharnajit Kumar saha Sharnajit Kumar 148

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ evm †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. Ri Amyweavmg~n 1. g~j evm bó n‡q †M‡j m¤ú~Y© †b. UIqv. K© wm‡÷g APj n‡q hvq| 2. GB U‡cvjw. R‡Z †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv mgš^‡qi e¨e¯’v †b. B| †h‡Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi †h‡Kv‡bv mg‡q †WUv UªvÝwgkb Ki‡Z cv‡i| 3. †b. UIqv‡K© Kw¤úDUvi ms. L¨v †ewk n‡j †WUv UªvÝwgkb wew. NœZ nq| Sharnajit Kumar saha Sharnajit Kumar 149

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ evm †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. Ri Amyweavmg~n 4. evm U‡cvjw. R‡Z m„ó mgm¨v wb. Y©q Zzjbvg~j. K †ek Rw. Uj| ev‡mi GKw. U gvÎ ¯’v‡b m„ó Îyw. U ev †eªK cy‡iv †b. UIqv. K©‡K APj K‡i †`q| 5. †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi Mw. Z Kg| Sharnajit Kumar saha Sharnajit Kumar 150

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Home Work evm I wis †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ w. K ? 151

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ w. Uª †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R Sharnajit Kumar saha 152

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ w. Uª †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R Sharnajit Kumar saha 153

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ w. Uª †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R g~j. Z ÷vi U‡cvjw. Ri m¤cÖmvwi. Z i~c. B n‡jv w. Uª U‡cvjw. R| G U‡cvjw. R‡Z GKvwa. K nve e¨envi K‡i mg¯Í Kw¤úDUvi‡K GKw. U we‡kl ¯’v‡b mshy³ Kiv nq hv‡K e‡j iy. U| †h U‡cvjw. R‡Z Kw¤úDUvi. My‡jv ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ Mv‡Qi kv. Lv-cÖkv. Lvi g‡Zv web¨¯Í _v‡K Zv‡K w. Uª U‡cvjw. R ejv nq| cÖ_g ¯Í‡ii Kw¤úDUvi. My‡jv wØZxq ¯Í‡ii Kw¤úDUvi. My‡jvi †nv÷ nq| GKBfv‡e wØZxq ¯Í‡ii Kw¤úDUvi. My‡jv Z…Zxq ¯Í‡ii Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi †nv÷ nq| 154

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ w. Uª †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. Ri myweav 1. Awdm e¨e¯’vcbvi Kv‡R G †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R Lye. B Dc‡hv. Mx| 2. kv. Lv-cÖkv. Lv m„wói gva¨‡g w. Uª-U‡cvjw. Ri †b. UIqv. K© m¤cÖmvi. Y Kiv mn. R| 3. b. Zzb †Kv‡bv †bv. W ms‡hv. M ev ev` w`‡j †b. UIqv‡K©i ¯^vfvwe. K Kv. RK‡g©i †Kv‡bv Amyweav nq bv| Sharnajit Kumar saha Sharnajit Kumar 155

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ w. Uª †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. Ri Amyweav 1. G U‡cvjw. R w. KQz. Uv Rw. Uj ai‡bi| 2. iæU ev mvf©vi Kw¤úDUv‡i µzw. U †`Lv w`‡j w. Uª †b. UIqv. K©w. U APj n‡q hvq| Sharnajit Kumar saha Sharnajit Kumar 156

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ Home Work ÷vi I w. Uª †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ w. K ? 157

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †gm †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R 158

Z_¨ I †hv. Mv‡hv. M cÖhyw³ †gm †b. UIqv. K© U‡cvjw. R 159

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