z 1840 1861 Causes of the Civil War
- Slides: 24
z 1840 - 1861 Causes of the Civil War
z Sectionalism § From the end of the War of 1812, the US enters a period of peace called the Era of Good Feelings. § One political party, Patriotism
z Sectionalism § After the Missouri Compromise and Panic of 1820, the Era of Good Feelings comes to an end. § Regional pride becomes the focus for politicians and average citizens. § 2 nd Two Party System: Whigs and Democrat § Slavery will start to impact the national political discussion
z The Missouri Compromise § The country is rapidly expanding after the end of the War of 1812 § The States are split evenly between Free and Slave Holding states. 11 -11 § Tallmadge Amendment- Slavery outlawed. Slaves in territory will stay enslaved but children are free.
z The Compromise § The 36 th line of latitude will separate which states are free. North of the line: Free South: Slave. § Maine: Free Missouri: Slave § Will be enforced until the 1850’s
z The US under the Missouri Compromise
z Mexican- American War § The United States wins the Mexican- American War (1846 -1848) § The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo gives the United States about a third of its present -day size § With this new territory, the slavery issue is reignited.
z Territory acquired in 1848
z Mexican Cession § Congress can not pass any legislation to decide the fate of these new territories. § Wilmot Proviso: Slavery will be banned in all of the territories § Popular Sovereignty: Territories will be allowed to vote on the issue
z Compromise of 1850 § California admitted as a free state § Other territories admitted as slave holding but will be allowed to vote on the issue when admitted as states. § Slave Trade outlawed in DC § Fugitive Slave Law
z Bloody Kansas § The Kansas Nebraska Act sets the procedures for admitting Kansas and Nebraska as states into the Union. (1854) § The Act provides Popular Sovereignty as the legal method for state issue on slavery.
z Territories of Kansas and Nebraska
z Bloody Kansas § Kansas has a small population of people held as slaves in the territory. § The vote in Kansas leads people from both sides of the issue to flood into Kansas. § The mixture of political and social disagreements leads to armed violence in the streets around towns.
z Dred Scott § Dred Scott was an enslaved man living in a free territory. § After many years, Scott wants to sue for his freedom in court. § The case will result in a US Supreme court decision in 1854
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z Dred Scott Decision § The Supreme Court rules that Scott is still enslaved. § People cannot have property taken without being convicted of a crime. § Missouri Compromise is Unconstitutional § African- Americans are not citizens and have no legal standing.
z Charles Sumner § Delivers a speech about the wrongness of Slavery on a moral level. Attacks some members of the Brooks family of South Carolina § Preston Brooks attacks Sumner on the floor of Congress with his cane. § Symbolic event of the breakdown of reason and civic disagreements.
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z Panic of 1857 § Sharp economic downturn in the United States that will impact the world economy. § Causes: Tariff changes, Over-Speculation of Railroads and Real Estate, Stock Market Decline
z Election of 1860 Candidates: Stephen Douglas (Northern Dem), John Bell ( Constitutional Union), John C. Breckinridge(Southern Dem. ) and Abraham Lincoln (Republican) Lincoln will win with only 39. 8% of vote (not on ballot in 10 Southern States) Triggers the Secession of 7 states by the start of 1861 - SC MS FL AL GA LA TX
z Electoral Map of 1860
z Secession in 1861
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z South Carolina Secession § The General Government, as the common agent, passed laws to carry into effect these stipulations of the States. For many years these laws were executed. But an increasing hostility on the part of the non-slaveholding States to the institution of slavery, has led to a disregard of their obligations, and the laws of the General Government have ceased to effect the objects of the Constitution. The States of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin and Iowa, have enacted laws which either nullify the Acts of Congress or render useless any attempt to execute them. In many of these States the fugitive is discharged from service or labor claimed, and in none of them has the State Government complied with the stipulation made in the Constitution. The State of New Jersey, at an early day, passed a law in conformity with her constitutional obligation; but the current of anti-slavery feeling has led her more recently to enact laws which render inoperative the remedies provided by her own law and by the laws of Congress. In the State of New York even the right of transit for a slave has been denied by her tribunals; and the States of Ohio and Iowa have refused to surrender to justice fugitives charged with murder, and with inciting servile insurrection in the State of Virginia. Thus the constituted compact has been deliberately broken and disregarded by the non-slaveholding States, and the consequence follows that South Carolina is released from her obligation.
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