YOUR LOGO The Progressive Era Mr Baker Humane

YOUR LOGO The Progressive Era Mr. Baker - Humane Letters I - 9 January 2017

Literary Movements u u u Classicism: the priciples or qualities regarded as characteristic of ancient Greece and Rome. Important elemts are objectivity, formality, balance, and simplicity. (Mind and intellect) Romanticism: A reaction to classicism. Emotion over intellect. The impossible becomes possible. Appreciation of the mystery and beauty of nature. Realism: A reaction to romanticism. The notions of facing facts and being practical are embraced; practicality over imagination. Honesty and objectivity - a focus on the common man. Neutral towards nature. Naturalism: Man has no free will - there is conflict between the environment and humanity. Action results from instinct. Hostile attitude towards nature. Impressionism: The writer tries to appeal to all senses; atmosphere is emphasized over detail. The goal is to render a mood.

Reading Quiz 1. What is a Muckraker? 2. What is temperance? 3. 4. 5. Describe one change people enacted during the Progressive Era. What is the name of the main character from Red Badge of Courage? What question internally plagues this character?

u It was only when the whole ham was spoiled that it came into the department of Elzbieta. Cut up by the two-thousandrevolutions-a-minute flyers, and mixed with half a ton of other meat, no odor that ever was in a ham could make any difference. There was never the least attention paid to what was cut up for sausage; there would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was mouldy and white—it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together. This is no fairy story and no joke; the meat would be shovelled into carts, and the man who did the shovelling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one—there were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit. There was no place for the men to wash their hands before they ate their dinner, and so they made a practice of washing them in the water that was to be ladled into the sausage.

Progressive Era (1890 -1917) u Progressivism A multifaceted response to the problems created by unregulated industrialization, unplanned urbanization, and unrelenting immigration. u Beliefs American life was threatened by social instability, economic injustice, and political corruption u Results implementation of significant changes at all levels of government and accross all levels of society Anti-trust laws, labor laws, women's suffrage, more economic stability, cleaner cities, prohibition, and MORE power for the federal government at the expense of the states The begining of the social welfare state

Muckrakers u Definition investigative journalists who exposed social ills or corruption (muck) Examples of muck: chronic urban poverty, child labor, the spoils system at work u Popular Muckrakers Ida Tarbell -> Standard Oil -> leads to SCOTUS dismantling monopoly Henry Lloyd -> economic inequality u Magazines like Arena and Mc. Clure's published muckraker articles for the common people

Democratic Changes u u The popular primary South Carolina has first state-wide primary in 1876 all states within 20 years u The Initiative u The referendum u The recall u The 17 th Amendment u The City Manager

Regulation u The Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 symbolic, but not overly effective u u What is trust busting supposed to do? What is the other option? let monoplies exist, but regulate them

Social Justice u The promotion of private charities u sanitation reform through personal hygiene u municipal sewers u anti child labor laws u prohibition u The Settlement House Movement led by women, devoted to uplifting slum dwellers 400 settlement houses by 1910 u Women's Christian Temperance Union fought to close bars, improve prison conditions, lobbied for 8 hour workday, regulation of child labor, better nutrition, frederal inspection of food packing and drub making, free kindergartens, public playgrounds, uniform marriage and divorce laws

u Supreme Court on Labor laws (948) u Triangle Shirtwaist Company u Worker Compensation Laws

Prohibition u Saloons were the epicenter of corrupt local politics u religious motivations

u President Mc. Kinley assasinated 9/1901 u Theodore Roosevelt becomes president

Teddy Roosevelt u u u came from a rich family, but championed the ordinary American had asthma and poor eyesight worked out constantly, boxed, rode horses, became a marksman became blind on one eye and kept it a secret The first president since Lincoln to use the full powers of office Argued that POTUS might to anything not fobidden in the Constitution. . .

Roosevelt's Square Deal u u More vigorous enforcement of antitrust laws The three C's Conservation of NAtural Resources Control of Corporations Consumer Protection

The Northern Securities Case u u u What is a trust? President orders disolution of the company in 1902 J. P. Morgan furious Does POTUS/Federal govt have this power? SCOTUS victory in 1904

u u u TR is elected in his own right in 1904 The Jungle and other reforms Sees forests as things that needed protection and renewal

The Coal Strike of 1902 u Why coal is important u 441 men killed in mines in 1901 150, 000 United Mine Workers walk out in May paid in scrip coal not weighed accurately Strike begins May 1902 TR calls the mine owners into the white house with UMW leaders • • • Mine owners wont talk TR threatens federal action Ends Strike in October The miners received a “Square Deal” • 9 hour work day • 10% raise

Expanding Federal Power u u u 25 anti-trust suits initiated introduced “stream of commerce” doctrine, which overturned the notion that manufacturing was strictly intrastate read top of 954

Second Term u elected in own right in 1904 u built a coalition of progressives u Has more support for progressive reform