Your Do Now Grab a paper from up

Your “Do Now” • • Grab a paper from up front Read through the first part Answer the first 2 questions Be ready to share 4/11

Agenda 4/11 • Turn in Circle Map & Exploring Energy & Matter paper (1 st Day) • Notes #2 • Revisit intro • Practice problems

Ch 8 Notes #2 Macromolecules

Learning Target 2) I can explain the importance of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and what foods we eat to get them

The parts of living things • Life on earth is carbon based because all living things have carbon in them.

Some key vocab terms Monomer Polymer Macromolecule Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids

Monomer: one small molecule Analogy: one LEGO brick

Polymer: several monomers joined together Analogy: chain of LEGOs

Some analogies EXAMPLE of POLYMER MONOMER A TRAIN ? A NECKLACE ?

Macromolecule A large molecule made of many smaller parts

What do these words mean?

1. 2. 3. 4. Proteins Lipids (fats) Carbohydrates Nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)

Three out of the 4 types of biochemical macromolecules can be found on food nutrition labels…

Look at the label to the left. 3 of the 4 macromolecules can be found in foods. 1__________ (0 grams in this product) (13 grams in this product) 2__________ (9 grams in this product) 3__________

The 4 th type is not found on food labels NUCLEIC ACIDS • Two types: DNA and RNA • Nucleic acids made up of nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, base) • Cells make nucleic acids using foods we eat

Getting energy from food Our digestive system breaks foods down to 1) Make energy and molecules that store energy 2) Making molecules that can be used by our body

Look at the foods in your cup! • Our first macromolecules are proteins • Which foods do you think are high in proteins?

PROTEINS Importance of proteins: 1. Provide structure for body parts 2. A source of energy 3. Part of the cell membrane 4. Oxygen transport (hemoglobin) 5. Enzymes: special type of protein that helps speed-up reactions.

PROTEINS Muscles, ligaments, tendons, and bones

PROTEINS Hair, Skin, and Nails

PROTEINS Proteins are made of chains of amino acids (polypeptides)

PROTEINS If you didn’t have enzymes in your stomach to speed up digestion, the food would rot in your stomach because it would take so long!

Foods that are high in proteins Chicken / turkey Fish Red meat Beans Dairy Nuts Eggs

LIPIDS (fats) 1. Supply long-term energy (stored in body for later use) 2. Make up part of the cell membrane (let things in & out of cell) 3. Provide insulation (keep organisms warm)

LIPIDS • Lipids are made of two parts: fatty acids and glycerol

LIPIDS from foods

• Take another look in your cup • Carbohydrates are up next • Which foods do you think have a lot of “carbs”

CARBOHYDRATES 1. Main source of short-term energy for our bodies 2. Carbohydrates are made of units of sugar 3. Found in almost everything you eat 4. More readily useable than lipids and proteins 5. Get into blood stream quickly

Simple CARBOHYDRATES Glucose, sucrose (table sugar)

Simple Carbs.

Complex Carbohydrates Example: Starch (not broken down as easily)

Complex CARBS-- Food examples

• Body stores extra carbs in the body as fats (glycogen)

Energy from foods is measured in Calories. Example: If you drink a glass of skim milk, you will get a gain of 90 Calories of energy for your body.

Which type will be highest in calories? A. Proteins B. Carbs C. Lipids

PROTEINS: 1 gram protein = 4 Calories.

Energy Gained From Carbohydrates CARBS: 1 g carbohydrates = 4 Calories.

LIPIDS 1 g = 9 Calories. Notice if you eat 1 gram of fat, you are gaining more than twice the amount of Calories than from a gram of carbohydrate or protein!

Food is a mix of all three

So… ENERGY MACROMOLECULES Number of Calories it provides Carbohydrates 4 Proteins 4 Lipids 9 Nucleic Acids 0 BIG 4

Practice

LIPIDS…Some interesting info • Fruits produce a waxy coating to keep from drying out. • The cells in a tulip make a wax which helps coat the leaves. • Ear wax traps dust, sand, and other foreign particles from going deeper into the ear and causing damage. • Beeswax- a structural material to hold honey in the hive

LIPIPS…Some interesting info There are many different types of steroids. They are all lipids. Their functions vary. Some common steroids are: SEX STEROIDS Like testosterone and estrogen ANABOLIC STERIODS They increase muscle