You Need Book Yellow Folder 2 sheets of

You Need • Book • Yellow Folder • 2 sheets of paper

Define the following vocab: • • Solution Solute Solvent Soluble Insoluble Miscible Immiscible -Solubility -Saturated Solution -Unsaturated Solution -Supersaturated Solution -Electrolyte -Non-Electrolyte -Solvation (draw f/pg 455)

Solutions

Factors that Affect Solubility • Temperature and Pressure Affect Solubility • For Solids and liquids being dissolved – As temperature increases solubility increases (more will dissolve) • • For gases being dissolved – As temperature decreases and pressure increases, solubility of the gas increases (more will dissolve)

Concentration VS Dilute Solutions • Concentrated: Large amount of solute in a small amount of solvent (you must have a solute and solvent to have a solution) • Dilute: Small amount of solute in a large amount of solvent

Molarity • Molarity= Moles of solute/Liters of solution • • Example: What is the molarity of the solution of 45 g of Na. Cl dissolved in 500 m. L of solution? 45 g x 1 mole/ 58. 44 g = 0. 77 mol 500 m. L/1000 m. L = 0. 500 L Molarity= 0. 77/0. 500= 1. 54 M

Molality • Molality= Moles of solute/ Kilograms of solvent • • Example: What is the molality of a solution of 65 g of CO 2 dissolved in 750 g of water? 65 g x 1 mole/ 44. 01 g = 1. 48 mol 750 g/ 1000 g= 0. 750 kg Molality= 1. 48/0. 750 = 1. 97 m

Molarity by Dilution • This equation is used every time that we want to make a solution for students to use in a lab! M 1 x V 1 = M 2 x V 2 • M 1= Molarity of the concentrated liquid • V 1= Volume (amount) of the concentrated liquid needed to make the solution • M 2= Molarity of the diluted solution you are wanting to make • V 2= Volume (amount) of the diluted solution you are wanting to make

Molarity by Dilution • Example: What volume of a 20 M HCl solution is needed to make 500 m. L of a 2 M HCl solution? 20 M x V 1 = 2 M x 500 m. L V 1 = (2 M x 500 m. L) / 20 M V 1 = 50 m. L

Molarity by Dilution • How much water is needed to make the dilute solution? Water needed= (V 2) –(V 1) Water needed = 500 m. L – 50 m. L Water needed = 450 m. L