You have 10 seconds to name Concepts of

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Concepts of Health Spiritual health Physical Health Sociological Health Psychological health Environmental Health

How would you describe your physical health? What effects your physical health? Physical Health Spiritual health What is spiritual health? Does everyone have it? What effects it? Psychological health How would you describe your mental health? What effects your psychological health? Sociological Health What is there in your society that effects your health? Environmental Health What is there in your environment that effects your health?

The concepts of health are entwined and difficult to separate. Environmental Health Physical Health Psychological Health Spiritual Health Sociological Health

Positive Concept of Health Well Being Negative Concept of Health You are healthy when you have the absence of disease Not JUST the absence of disease Feeling good in many ways Therefore, if you don’t have a disease, you are healthy

Holistic Concept of Health Spiritual health Physical Health Sociological Health Psychological health Environmental Health

The World Health Organisation (WHO) • “A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. ” (http: //www. who. int/about/en/) Do you think this is a positive or negative concept of health? Is it a holistic concept of health? Explain your answer.

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Concepts of Ill Health (Unit 7, P 2) How do you view ill health? There are different ideas as to what ill health is. The following are concepts of ill health which look at how individuals and society view ill health. Illness, Disease & Disability Iatrogenesis The sick role The clinical iceberg

What Are Illness, Disease & Disability?

Are Illness, Disease & Disability Indicators of Ill Health? • What do you consider to be ill health? • Does someone with a prosthetic leg and who can do all the things that an able bodied person do, have a disability? • Do all people with disabilities have ill health? • Do all illnesses and diseases cause ill health?

What is Illness? • Illness is subjective. • “I feel ill” can mean different things to different people. • Both these boys have the same symptoms, one feels ‘ill’ and one doesn’t.

What is Disease? • Disease is Objective. • Symptoms have been diagnosed and have been given a specific name, eg Chickenpox or Cancer or Depression or Multiple Sclerosis etc • Either you have a disease or you don’t. This child has measles

Iatrogenesis • Caused by the doctor in the course of treating the patient. • Illich criticised health care providers and drug companies for the 'medicalisation of life'

Talcott Parsons Sick Role • Talcott Parsons says that being ‘sick’ is a socially conditioned role. • He says we behave in a certain way once we know we are ‘sick’.

Talcott Parsons’ Theory: The Sick Role • Parsons said that society applies ‘rules’ to people who are ill. • The sick person AND the society have obligations: • Sick Person: To seek appropriate medical help AND to want to get better. • Society: To excuse the sick person from normal social roles (eg worker, mother etc) AND to not hold the patient responsible for their condition AND for the sick person to be taken care of • These obligations must be fulfilled for the person to be allowed to be in the ‘sick role’.

The Clinical Iceberg 1/3 patients visit the doctor 2/3 patients do not visit the doctor or health professionals This theory says that because only 1/3 of patients present their symptoms to a health professional we are never really sure how many people have ill health. It gives an indication that peoples’ concept of ill health are different. Why do you think only 1/3 of people visit the doctor?