Yellowstone Makes a Triumphant Return Ten Years After

Yellowstone Makes a Triumphant Return Ten Years After Fires Cause and Effect

Cooperative Questions • What was the cost of fighting the fires in Yellowstone National Park?

Cooperative Questions • In what year was this article written?

Cooperative Questions • What is the meaning of the word prone in this sentence? – Without fire, pine forests grow old, prone to disease and unnaturally thick.

Cooperative Questions • How much of Yellowstone was burned in the fires? – This is a simple question that requires thought!

Cooperative Questions • What do all of the research project studying Yellowstone after the fires have in common?

Cooperative Questions • How many fires burned in Yellowstone and how many of each type were there?

Identify a Cause or Effect • “Without fire, pine forests grow old, prone to disease, and unnaturally thick. ” • What happens in this passage? • Why does it happen?

Identify a Cause or Effect • But today, the forest floor is a sea of green – knee-high pine trees planted, literally, by the fires of 1988. • Cause? • Effect?

Identify a Cause or Effect • What put Yellowstone’s fires out was not retardant-dropping planes or armies of firefighters on the ground. It was a quarter of an inch of autumn rain. • Cause? • Effect?

Identify a Cause or Effect • Just as fire recharged the pines, so, too, did it help plants that grazing animals eat. • Cause? • Effect?

Infer the Cause or Effect • “… others (fires) were started by humans. ” What inference can we make about how humans may have started the fires?

Focus on Causes This is a stated cause! Effect Yellowstone fires This is a stated cause! This is an inferred cause!

Focus on Causes This is a stated cause! Effect Yellowstone fires This is a stated cause! This is an inferred cause!

Focus on Effects Cause Yellowstone fires

Focus on Effects Cause Yellowstone fires

Casual Chain Initial cause Intermediate Cause / effect Intermediate cause / effect Final effect

Casual Chain fire Fallen trees Attract insect – eating animals

Causal Chain Pine trees burned Intermediate Cause / effect Intermediate cause / effect Final effect

Practice - Cause and Effect • Explain why the fires in Yellowstone were helpful. Include two details from the selection in your answer.

Practice - Author’s Purpose The author of the selection states “The fires were helpful. " Do you agree with his statement? Use two details from the selection to support your answer.

Practice - Evaluate Reasoning Is the following statement a reasonable conclusion that readers may draw from the selection? Fires are necessary for a healthy forest. Provide two details from the selection to support your answer.