YEASTS AND FUNGI Vukov materil OR 03 63

YEASTS AND FUNGI Výukový materiál OR 03 - 63 Tvůrce: Mgr. Alena Výborná Tvůrce anglické verze: Mgr. Miloslava Dorážková Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ. 1. 07/1. 1. 36/03. 0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

YEASTS • • Unicellular organisms They live everywhere around us Useful An eukaryotic cell Reproduction by budding Heterotrophic A thick cell coat

YEASTS – A CELL

YEASTS - BUDDING • • • A bud – a new growing cell A cell wall A membrane Cytoplasm A mother cell

YEASTS - IMPORTANCE • Brewer´s yeast – beer and wine production, bread baking and yeast bakery products baking • Yeasts include B vitamin and other important substances • A yeast of genus Candida – a skin disease

FUNGI • Organisms differ from plants and animals • Decomposers They differ from plants - They do not have chloroplasts - They are not able of photosynthesis - They are heterotrophic They differ from animals - They do not absorb organic substances (they absorb them in solutions) - A different cell structure - They have a cell coat

FUNGI– WAYS OF GETTING OF NUTRIENTS PARASITIC DESTRUCTIVE SYMBIOSIS • They drain nutrients from live cells of plants and animals • They drain nutrients from bodies of dead plants and animals • With roots of plants (boletus reticulatus) • Lichen (alga + fungus)

FUNGI- IMPORTANCE • • • Stimulating food Cheese production (mould shaping fungi) Pharmaceutical industry (antibiotic production) Dangerous of poisoning Mycorrhiza = symbiosis of a fungus + a plant

FUNGI WITHOUT SPOROCARPS • MUCOR MUCEDO

FUNGI WITHOUT SPOROCARPS • CLAVICEPS PURPUREA

FUNGI WITHOUT SPOROCARPS • PENICILLIUM • Penicillin production

FUNGI WITHOUT SPOROCARPS • SCLEROTINIA • Moniliasis

FUNGI WITH SPOROCARPS - tubes - sporangium (spore case) - spores

FUNGI WITH SPOROCARPS Fungi with an ascus on the gills - an ascus

FUNGI WITH SPOROCARPS • PARASOL MUSHROOM

FUNGI WITH SPOROCARPS • FLY AGARIC

HOUBY S PLODNICEMI • SUMMER CEP (PENNY BUN)

HOUBY S PLODNICEMI • BOLETUS REDICULATUS

FUNGI WITH SPOROCARPS Fungi edible • Cep (Penny bun) • Summer cep • Dotted stem bolete • Rough-stemmed bolete • Red-capped scaber stalk • Slippery Jack Fungi poisonous • Devil's bolete • Death cap • Panther cap Fungi inedible • Bitter bolete • White knight

Revision: • 1) Why are yeasts important for us? ▫ Výroba alkoholu ▫ Kynutí těsta ▫ Obsahují vitamín B • 2) What is a lichen? ▫ Symbiotický vztah houby a řasy • 3) Are fungi autotrophic? ▫ NE • 4) Does a mucor mucedo create sporocarps? ▫ NE • 5) Do fungi and animals have the same type of a cell? ▫ NE

Source: • DOBRORUKA, Luděk J. Přírodopis pro 7. ročník základní školy. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 1998, 152 s. ISBN 80 -718 -3134 -4 • Obrázky: http: //commons. wikimedia. org (osvobozeno od autorských práv)