Year 9 Science Matter The Atom Learning Intentions
- Slides: 13
Year 9 Science: Matter The Atom
Learning Intentions Learning intention: To be able to identify the key components of an atom and briefly describe the history of the atomic model. Success Criteria: • Classify as a substance as an atom, compound or molecule. • Describe Dalton, Thompson, Rutherford, Bohr and Schrodinger’s contributions to our understanding of the atomic model. • Describe the Bohr model of the atom in terms of nucleus, protons, neutrons and electrons. • Identify charges of the sub-atomic particles.
What is an atom? An atom is… The smallest particle of matter. Matter is… Matter is stuff and things. All substances are matter. So… All substances are made from atoms.
Elements are made of atoms An element is… A substance that is made from one kind of atom only. It cannot be broken down into simpler substances. A compound is… A substance made from more than one kind of atom.
How do we know this? Short answer: Thousands of years of people asking the question “What is this made of? ” over and over again and then trying to work it out. For Example… What is this dress made of? What is this fabric made of? What is this wool fibre made of? What are the long strands made of? What is keratin made of? What is protein made of? What are chemicals made of? Fabric Wool fibres Long strands Keratin Protein Chemicals Atoms
450 BC Democritus: • Greek philosopher Democritus • He wondered what would happen if you cut a piece of apple, into smaller and smaller pieces. • Eventually, he decided, you would have the smallest piece that you could call a piece of apple. Any smaller and it wouldn’t be apple anymore. • He called the "uncuttable" pieces atomos.
1500 years later Antoine Lavoisier: • French chemist • Made measurements of compounds • He found that the mass of oxygen was always 2. 66 times the mass of carbon in the air. He called this “Fixed air” • This was carbon dioxide.
Between 1800 and 1940 ish John Dalton: Linked elements and atoms in simple ratios JJ Thompson: Found positive and negative particles in atoms. Proposed a “plum pudding model” Ernest Rutherford: Used gold foil and radioactive particles to find the nucleus (the dense centre of the atom) Niels Bohr: Proposed that negative particles orbit the positive nucleus.
Or in video form… https: //youtu. be/xaz. QRc. SCRa. Y
Model of the Atom
Bohr’s Model of the Atom • There is a nucleus in the middle that contains protons and neutrons. • Surrounding the nucleus are electrons, they move in orbits called electron shells which have different energy levels
Sub-atomic Particles Particle Charge Proton Positive (+) Electron Negative (-) Neutron None/Neutral (o)
Activities • • • Complete Notes Worksheet: Atom Timeline Check Your Learning 5. 1 Q 1, 3, 5, 7 Check Your Learning 5. 2 Q 3, 5 Study Strip
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