Year 9 A Denaturation and Coagulation Creative Technologies
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Year 9 A: Denaturation and Coagulation Creative Technologies Food Technology Knowledge Organiser Key Term Starch particles do not dissolve in water They form a ‘suspension’ If the suspension is not stirred, the starch particles sink to the bottom and stick together to form lumps The structure of protein changes when heat or mechanical action (beating) is applied. This causes the tangled up protein molecules to unravel. C: Key Terms B: Gelatinisation If heated to 60°C the starch particles will begin to absorb the water and swell If heated to 80°C the particles will absorbed up to 5 times their volume of water, until eventually they burst, releasing starch and thickening the liquid. Definition Life stages phases of development that people go through during their life, such as infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and the elderly Kilocalorie (kcal)/Kilojoule (kj) units used to measure energy Energy dense A food that contains a lot of fat and/ or carbohydrates and has a high energy value BMR Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy we need to keep our body alive PAL This means Physical Activity Level, and is the amount of energy we use for movement and physical activity every day. Energy balance The amount of energy we get from food each day is the same and the amount of energy we use each day D: Seasonality Buying and eating food that is season means that it • is fresh; • has the best flavour, texture and colour; • has optimum nutritional value. Other benefits include: • lower cost; • supporting local growers; • reduced energy needed to grow and transport the ingredients and food. Ingredients and food are generally available throughout the year because they have been imported from other countries where they are in season at different times of the year. This means that the ingredients and foods may have travelled a long way.
Creative Technologies Food Technology Knowledge Organiser A: Pregnancy A varied diet, providing adequate amounts of energy and nutrients, is essential before and during pregnancy. Folic acid is a synthetic form of the B vitamin, folate. Folate is needed for rapid cell division and growth of the foetus. It is particularly important during the first 12 weeks. Women who are pregnant or thinking of having a baby are advised to take a daily supplement containing 400 microgram (μg) folic acid daily. This supplement should be continued for the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Folate is naturally found in oranges, bananas, green leafy vegetables, fortified breakfast cereals and bread. D: Adulthood Nutritional requirements do not change much between the ages of 19 to 50, except during pregnancy. On average, UK adults are eating too much saturated fat and salt from food, and not enough fruit and vegetables. A poor diet can lead to diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. B: Childhood Year 9 The energy requirements of children increase rapidly because they: grow quickly; become more active. Children have a higher energy requirement for their body size compared with adults. They need foods that provide sufficient energy but are also rich in nutrients. Children’s diets from the age of 2 -5 should be based on the principles of the Eatwell Guide and include plenty of starchy carbohydrates, fruit and vegetables, and some protein and dairy foods. C: Adolescence is a period of rapid growth and development and is when puberty occurs. The demand for energy and most nutrients are relatively high. • Boys need more protein and energy than girls for growth. • Girls need more iron than boys to replace menstrual losses. E: Older adults is the term usually refers to people over the age of 65. Requirements for energy gradually decrease after the age of 65 as activity level falls. After menopause (when menstruation stops), women gradually lose bone strength. Osteoporosis may occur when bones become weak, brittle and break easily. This may lead to fractures in the wrist, back and hip. Older adults should have plenty of calcium intake from milk and dairy products, green leafy vegetables, beans, pulses, and products made from flour. They should also remain active and have adequate vitamin D from foods such as oily fish, or through the action of sunlight on the skin. Adults over 65 years who are housebound should take a daily supplement of vitamin D as skin synthesis of this vitamin requires sunshine.