Year 8 Textiles Natural fibres come from plants
Year 8 Textiles Natural fibres come from plants and animals, cotton comes from plants and wool comes from Sheep. These are Renewable resources. They are also biodegradable and recyclable, which makes natural fibres fairly sustainable. Woven fabrics are made by interlacing (crossing alternately over and under) two sets of yarns. They stretch slightly. Knitted fabrics are made by interlocking one or more yarns together using loops. The loops trap air, so they insulate. The stretch more than woven fabrics. Synthetic fibres come from polymers. These molecules come mainly from oil and coal. These are non-renewable resources, therefore synthetic fibres are not very sustainable. Renewable: resources which quickly replenish themselves and can be used again and again. You may also hear them called non-finite resources. Non-renewable: resources which are used and cannot be replaced as quickly as they are used so can run out. You may also hear them called finite resources. = OR Staple fibres Non-woven fabrics are layers of fibres (not yarns) held together by bonding or felting. They don’t fray, and can be cut in any direction- which means there’s little waste when laying out patterns. However, they don’t stretch and aren’t very strong. Filament fibres Yarns are threads that are woven or knitted to make fabrics. Yarns are made of fibres (tiny hairs). These come in either short lengths (staple fibres) or long lengths (filaments). Filaments can be spun or used as they are. Staple fibres are spun to produce yarns. dt Wi h Fabrics come on rolls of standard widths. E. g. 90 cm, 115 cm, 150 cm. So you only have to specify on the Le ng required length. th Hand sewing can be used for smaller tasks that need more precision. Sewing machines can be used for bigger projects. It’s quicker and they produce neat, even stitches for a high-quality finish. Most sewing machines have two threads that interlocks to make the stitches. Overlockers are used to finish edges and to stop them from fraying. They do this by enclosing the edge or edges in a thread casing. The overlocker works by several top threads and also had a blade to trim the fabric edge before it is enclosed.
Technical textiles are enhanced fabrics. They’re designed purely to be functional, rather than look good. Chemical treatments can also be applied to materials to enhance their functions: Flame retardance: used to make fabrics less likely to catch fire. Rot proofing: Mildew is a fungus that can grown on fabrics made from natural fibres if they’re kept in damp conditions. This stops the material from rotting. Stain protection: used to make fabrics stain resistant. Water resistant finishes: are used to stop droplets of water passing through. Does not make the material completely waterproof. Technology Push is when research and development in new technology, drives the development of new products. This new technology could be a new material or manufacturing method. Tie Dyeing: The process of tie-dye typically consists of folding, twisting, pleating, or crumpling fabric or a garment and binding with string or rubber bands, followed by application of dye(s). Batik: A technique of hand-dyeing fabrics by using wax as a dye repellent to cover parts of a design, dyeing the uncovered fabric with a colour or colours, dissolving the wax in boiling water. Block printing: This technique involves carving the desired pattern onto a large block, covering that design in ink or dye, and stamping it onto the fabric. Appliqué: Involves sewing a small piece of fabric onto a bigger piece of fabric. Market Pull refers to the need/requirement for a new product or a solution to a problem, which comes from the market place. The need is identified by potential customers or market research. Virtual marketing and virtual retail: Virtual marketing is the promotion of a product or service via the internet (virtually). Virtual retail is selling products and service online (virtually). Crowd funding: This involves an idea being posted online which can be viewed by lots of people. Those people can chose to put money towards an idea and help set it up. This is an alternative way of funding and does not rely on bank loans or credit. Batch dyeing: Fabrics are produced without dye. Instead, they are dyed to order in large batches according to the colours required. Batch dyeing is used for fabrics that have to change in colour frequently because of fashion. Rotary screen printing: Used for mass production of textiles. Uses CAD and roller squeegees. One roller is used for each colour. This is a very fast process used in the continuous printing of furnishing and clothing fabrics. Screen printing: A printing technique whereby a mesh is used to transfer ink onto a substrate, except in areas made impermeable to the ink by a blocking stencil.
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