Year 7 War and Conflict Comprehension Answer Booklet

Year 7 War and Conflict Comprehension Answer Booklet Stronger. . . Togeth er

Word Definition Word Class Synonym Antonym cowardice, weakness fortitude courage in pain or adversity noun callous Insensitive, hardened adjective to do something desperately or wildly adverb excitedly, madly calmly causing fear, apprehension, or dread: adjective dangerous, intimidating calm, harmless to bear/allow/tolerate verb to face/encounter to oppose/run away to burden or weigh down verb to annoy/harrass to comfort/praise condemn to judge as guilty or unfit/unacceptable verb to criticise/punish to approve/compliment demean to lower in dignity or honour verb to belittle/disparage to admire/approve unjust Unfaithful, unfair or dishonest adjective biased, wrong just, fair, honest potent powerful, mighty adjective frantically formidable endure oppress courage, bravery heartless, cold-blooded compelling, dominant caring, compassionate Ineffective, insignificant

Word Definition Word Class odious deserving or causing hatred adjective disgusting, abhorrent attractive, delightful to swallow or eat up quickly or hungrily verb destroy, gobble build, create completely, absolutely adverb totally, entirely Inadequately, partly the inner sense of what is right or wrong noun morals, principles immorality tyrant a ruler who uses power oppressively or unjustly noun dictator, bully democrat oppressive burdensome or unfairly harsh adjective cruel, overbearing kind, gentle withered shrivelled or faded adjective wilted, shrunk blooming, developed verb absorb, devour fill, create, collect devour utterly conscience consume to eat or drink up, to use up, or to destroy Synonym Antonym chaos a state of confusion or disorder noun anarchy, disarray verb sordid verb

a French village 1. What is St Eloi? _______________________ Thomas Ernest 2. What are the first two names of the poet? ____________ ‘Trenches: St Eloi’ – by T. E Hulme fighting in WW 1 - 1917 3. How and when did the poet die? ________________ 4. Find the definition of the following word, which is in bold within the Over the flat slopes of St Eloi A wide wall of sand bags. Night, In the silence desultory men Pottering over small fires, cleaning their mess- tins: To and fro, from the lines, Men walk as on Piccadilly, Making paths in the dark, Through scattered dead horses, Over a dead Belgian’s belly. The Germans have rockets. The English have no rockets. Behind the line, cannon, hidden, lying back miles. Beyond the line, chaos: My mind is a corridor. The minds about me are corridors. Nothing suggests itself. There is nothing to do but keep on. poem: lacking a plan, purpose, or enthusiasm. desultory __________________________ chaotic, erratic 5. Find two synonyms for this word: ________________ 6. Find two quotations which show the grotesque surroundings of the men: ___________________________ ‘through scattered dead horses/ Over a dead Belgian’s belly’ _____________________________ 7. What is the effect of the word ‘belly’? ______________ sounds naked – makes the dead seem vulnerable and _____________________________ uncared for 8. Find the metaphor in the last few lines: ‘my mind is a corridor’ _____________________________ 9. What does this metaphor suggest about the effects of war on the feeling of being trapped, or lost soldiers? ______________________________________________________ 10. What could you say about the punctuation in the final two lines? Short, simple sentences sound like he is stuttering or _____________________________ breathless. Or perhaps they are meant to be matter-of -fact and demonstrating strength. _____________________________

1. What is the definition of the word ‘aftermath’? ___________ Something remaining or left after the end or exit of something ______________________________ Aftermath - Siegfried Sassoon 2. Find out four facts about Siegfried Sassoon: _____________ Have you forgotten yet? . . . WW 1 poet, survived WW 1, his nickname was ‘Mad Jack’, born _______________________________ For the world's events have rumbled on since those gagged days, 1886, died 1967, his brother was killed in WW 1 ______________________________ Like traffic checked while at the crossing of city-ways: And the haunted gap in your mind has filled with thoughts that flow 3. In the first stanza, war is compared to a ‘bloody game’. In what ways is Like clouds in the lit heaven of life; and you're a man reprieved to go, war similar to a game? In what ways is it different? Taking your peaceful share of Time, with joy to spare. Both have different sides and usually one winner, but war is But the past is just the same--and War's a bloody game. . . ___________ Have you forgotten yet? . . . no joke and leads to deaths/injuries ______________________________ Look down, and swear by the slain of the War that you'll never forget. 4. Both have different sides and usually one winner, but war is Find three examples of graphic imagery from the second or third stanza: Do you remember the dark months you held the sector at Mametz-no joke and leads to deaths/injuries _______________________________ The nights you watched and wired and dug and piled sandbags on parapets? Do you remember the rats; and the stench ______________________________ Of corpses rotting in front of the front-line trench-hanging loosely or drooping 5. Look at the section that is in bold answer the following questions: And dawn coming, dirty-white, and chill with a hopeless rain? Do you ever stop and ask, 'Is it all going to happen again? ' metaphor a) What does lolling mean? ___________________ b) What technique is ‘ashen-grey masks’? ______________ Do you remember that hour of din before the attack-And the anger, the blind compassion that seized and shook you then That they are dead, covered in ash, or that they are unwell/in shock c) What does ‘ashen-grey masks’ imply? Give two suggestions: _____ As you peered at the doomed and haggard faces of your men? ______________________________ Do you remember the stretcher-cases lurching back With dying eyes and lolling heads--those ashen-grey happy, carefree d) ‘gay’ is one of many words in the English language that has changed over Masks of the lads who once were keen and kind and gay? time. What does it mean in this context? ______________ Have you forgotten yet? . . . Sassoon clearly hasn’t forgotten about the horrors of war and e) Why do you think ‘Do you remember’ is repeated throughout the poem? Look up, and swear by the green of the spring that you'll never forget. perhaps would feel comforted to know others are the same _______________________________

Extract from Harry Drinkwater’s War Diary Monday, December 20 The trenches are in a terrible condition — anything up to 4 ft deep in mud and water. We’re plastered in mud up to our faces. Our food – cold bacon, bread and jam – is slung together in a sack that hangs from the dripping dugout roof. Consequently, we eat and drink mud. Tuesday, December 21 Heavy bombardment at about 11 am. Heard a fearful crash. The next dugout to ours blown to blazes, and our physical drill instructor Sergeant Horton with it. I helped dig him out. But before we could get him anywhere, he’d departed this life – our first experience of death. I’m tired out, sick of everything. Friday, December 31 Back on the firing line, and nearly up to our waists in mud. We’ve found a new diversion — at dusk, we put a small piece of cheese on the end of a bayonet, wait for a rat to have a nibble, and then pull the trigger. Wednesday, March 8 Snowed all night. Had a hard job to keep awake. One or two fellows – of whom I was one – were found to be fast asleep at the end of their sentry. We’d gone to sleep standing up – and the relief man was also asleep. Under military law, this is a crime punishable by execution. So, as a preventative, we’ve arranged between ourselves that each sentry along the trench will fire his rifle at intervals. At dusk, I put my head over the top to have a look around and stopped a bullet on the side of my steel hat. The vibration made my head ache. Friday, May 19 The Germans forestalled us this morning by about three hours. I saw several fellows fall, one fellow coughing up blood and all the time, bullets were hacking about me. I ran for about 70 yards carrying with me all the Lewis gun things I had brought up and dropped breathless into a shell hole headlong onto a German who had been dead for months. Read the newspaper article 'Secret' WWI diary paints 'vivid and visceral' picture’ on the BBC News website: https: //www. bbc. co. uk/news/uk-england-24745574 1) List four facts about Harry Drinkwater from the article: Born in Stratford-upon-Avon, joined the Birmingham Pals Battalion, served as a _______________________________ front-line soldier all through the conflict, became an officer, won the Military _______________________________ Cross in 1918 after he continued a trench raid despite being badly wounded in his leg, was originally turned down by the army because he was too short. _____________________________ 2) when you soften the meaning of a harsh expression What is a euphemism? _________________ 3) Find the euphemism that tells us that Sergeant Horton did not survive: ‘he’d departed this life’ _______________________ 4) How do the soldiers start dealing with the rats? They lure them to the end of the bayonet with cheese, then shoot ______________________________ 5) Find the definition of the following words, which can be found in bold in the extract: a dagger attached to or at the muzzle of a gun bayonet: _________________________ a soldier stationed at a place to stand guard sentry: _________________________ something done to prevent something from happening preventative: _______________________ to act before someone else forestalled: _______________________ 6) In the quotation ‘bullets were hacking about me’, what does the verb suggest? _____________________________ ‘hacking’ means to cut, notch, slice, chop, or sever (something) with or as with ________________________________ heavy, irregular blows which suggests how harsh and brutal the bullets are

1. Find the definition of the following words, which are in bold in the extract: Major Gerald Ritchie 8 th (Yorkshire) parachute regiment, to his sister (WW 2) To board a plane enplaned: _____________________ July 3, Chesterfield My dear Muriel To get rid of by killing liquidated: _____________________ We enplaned late in the evening of the Monday and it all seemed very unreal. It was difficult to imagine that by dawn on the next day, we should have been tipped out of an aeroplane over France and should have landed in a place where there were quite a number of evil-minded Boche, whose one object would be to liquidate us before we could do the same to them. The doors of the aircraft were opened while we were still over the sea and being No 1 to jump in my aircraft, I had a grand view as the coast of France appeared below us. The area or region nearby vicinity: ______________________ The second mentioned out of two latter: ______________________ 2. Which regiment does Major Gerald Ritchie belong to? 8 (Yorkshire) parachute regiment _________________________ th A few moments more and the red light came on and then the green, and out I went, my mind a complete blank as usual when I jump. I can remember very little of my descent, it didn't take long anyway. I did rather a poor landing, my own fault entirely, and bruised my knees which made crawling most painful, and I had a certain amount to do during that day! Anyway, I scrambled to my feet and unhitched myself from my parachute and took a look around. France 3. In which country is Major Ritchie landing? _______ There were some machine-guns firing at the planes over to the east and quite a lot of flak and stuff to the south, but no sign of any enemy in our vicinity or in the direction I was going. There were numerous others about from our battalion and in a little while I met one of my platoon commanders and then the colonel and then another captain and we checked our position and arrived at our objective, a quarry, without any untoward incident. _________________________ A lot of it I've given rather sketchily, and I could never hope to give you the atmosphere, as it were; it is really quite indescribable. The extraordinary smell of broken buildings and explosives; the countryside, very like the Cotswolds really, littered with gliders and parachutes; gliders everywhere, in hedges and fences, some broken so much that it looked that no one could have survived and yet in very few cases was anyone hurt on landing. It was really an amazing but very unpleasant and tragic two days. The second-in-command of my company never appeared at all and was found four days later, he had been killed soon after landing; and my best friend in the battalion never turned up at all, nor anyone from his plane, so what happened to him I don't know. Amazing, unpleasant, tragic _________________________ After I left they had rather a sticky time and most of the officers were either killed or wounded, more the latter than the former fortunately. Our colonel was killed, the announcement was in today's Telegraph. Yours ever Gerald 4. What does Major Ritchie say that he can smell? Write the ‘extraordinary smell of broken exact quotation: ___________________ buildings and explosives’ 5. Which three adjectives does the writer use to describe the two days he is writing about: _____________ 6. Which two people does Major Ritchie find out have not Second-in- command, and his survived? _____________________ best friend in the battalion 7. How would you describe the tone of the letter? Find evidence from the text to support your chosen answer. a) matter-of-fact b) overwhelmed c) unconfident Any of these are correct as long as students provide _________________________ a quotation to support _________________________

1. Private Peaceful - The Trenches Our trench and our dugouts have been left in a mess by the previous occupants, a company of Jocks from the Seaforths, so when we're not on stand-to at dawn, brewing up or sleeping, we're set to clearing up their mess. Captain Wilkes – or "Wilkie" as we call him now – is meticulous about tidiness and cleanliness, "because of the rats, " he says. We find out soon enough he's right again. I am the first to find them. I am detailed to begin shoring up a dilapidated trench wall. I plunge my shovel in and open up an entire nest of them. They come pouring out, skittering away over my boots. I recoil in horror for a moment and then set about stamping them to death in the mud. I don't kill a single one, and we see them everywhere after that. Fortunately we have Little Les, our own professional rat-catcher, who is now called upon whenever a rat is spotted, whatever the time, day or night, he doesn't mind. He jokes that it makes him feel at home. He knows the ways of rats, and kills with a will each time, tossing their corpses up into no-man's-land with a flourish of triumph. After a while the rats seem to know they have met their match in Little Les and leave us be. But our other daily curse, lice, we all have to deal with ourselves. Each of us has to burn off his own with a lighted cigarette end. They inhabit us wherever they can, the folds of our skin, the creases of our clothes. We long for a bath to drown the lot of them, but above all we long to be warm again and dry. Our greatest scourge is neither rats nor fleas but the unending drenching rain, which runs like a stream along the bottom of our trench, turning it into nothing but a mud filled ditch, a stinking gooey mud that seems to want to hold us and then suck us down and drown us. I have not had dry feet since I got here. I go to sleep wet. I wake up wet, and the cold soaks through my sodden clothes and into my aching bones. Only sleep brings any real relief, sleep and food. God, how we long for both. Wilkie moves among us at dawn on the firestep, a word here, a smile there. He keeps us going, keeps us up to the mark. If he has fear he never shows it, and if that is courage then we're beginning to catch it. The first snow of winter sees us back in the trenches. It freezes as it falls, hardening the mud – and that certainly is a blessing. Providing there is no wind we are no colder than we were before and can at least keep our feet dry. The guns have stayed relatively silent in our sector and we have had few casualties so far: one wounded by a sniper, two in hospital with pneumonia, and one with chronic trench foot – which affects us all. From what we hear and read we are in just about the luckiest sector we could be. Find the definition of the following words, which are in bold in the extract: Taking or showing extreme care meticulous: ____________________ Reduced to or fallen into decay dilapidated: ____________________ An act of showing off flourish: ______________________ To live inhabit: ______________________ A curse or cause of terror scourge: ______________________ Scotland 2. Where are ‘Jocks’ from? _______________ 3. List the key focus of each of the first three paragraphs rats lice the rain _________________ nest 4. What is the name for the home of a group of rats? _______ 5. How is the mud personified in the third paragraph? Find the ‘seems to want to hold us and then suck quotation: _____________________ us down and drown us’ Sleep and food 6. Which two things bring relief? ____________ 7. Why is the snow surprisingly a good thing for the soldiers? It freezes the mud and hardens it, so their feet don’t get so __________________________ wet 4 8. How many casualties have they had in the sector so far? ___ 9. Find out what ‘chronic trench foot’ and ‘pneumonia’ are: Chronic means long-term, and trench foot is a medical __________________________ condition caused by prolonged exposure to damp and __________________________ unsanitary conditions. Pneumonia is an infection in one or both lungs. __________________________

‘The Choice’ by Edith Eger In 1944, sixteen-year-old ballerina Edith Eger was sent to Auschwitz. Separated from her parents on arrival, she endures unimaginable experiences, including being made to dance for the infamous Josef Mengele. We hear clipped voices speaking German outside the barracks. The kapo pulls herself straight as the door rattles open. There on the threshold I recognize the uniformed officer from the selection line. I know it’s him, the way he smiles with his lips parted, the gap between his front teeth. Dr. Mengele, we learn. He is a refined killer and a lover of the arts. He trawls among the barracks in the evenings, searching for talented inmates to entertain him. He walks in tonight with his entourage of assistants and casts his gaze like a net over the new arrivals with our baggy dresses and our hastily shorn hair. We stand still, backs to the wooden bunks that edge the room. He examines us. Magda ever so subtly grazes my hand with hers. Dr. Mengele barks out a question, and before I know what is happening, the girls standing nearest me, who know I trained as a ballerina and gymnast back in Kassa, push me forward, closer to the Angel of Death. He studies me. I don’t know where to put my eyes. I stare straight ahead at the open door. The orchestra is assembled just outside. They are silent, awaiting orders. I feel like Eurydice in the underworld, waiting for Orpheus to strike a chord on his lyre that can melt the heart of Hades and set me free. Or I am Salome, made to dance for her stepfather, Herod, lifting veil after veil to expose her flesh. Does the dance give her power, or does the dance strip it away? “Little dancer, ” Dr. Mengele says, “dance for me. ” He directs the musicians to begin playing. The familiar opening strain of “The Blue Danube” waltz filters into the dark, close room. Mengele’s eyes bulge at me. I’m lucky. I know a routine to “The Blue Danube” that I can dance in my sleep. But my limbs are heavy, as in a nightmare when there’s danger and you can’t run away. “Dance!” he commands again, and I feel my body start to move. First the high kick. Then the pirouette and turn. The splits. And up. As I step and bend and twirl, I can hear Mengele talking to his assistant. He never takes his eyes off me, but he attends to his duties as he watches. I can hear his voice over the music. He discusses with the other officer which ones of the hundred girls present will be killed next. If I miss a step, if I do anything to displease him, it could be me. I dance. 1. Dr Mengele is described as a ‘refined killer’ – what does the word Polished/well-trained ‘refined’ mean? ______________________ 2. Eger writes that Mengele ‘trawls among the barracks’ and ‘barks out a question’. What do the verb choices suggest about him? ‘trawls’ suggests he looks long and hard amongst the ____________________________ prisoners, and ‘barks’ suggests he is animalistic/harsh ____________________________ 3. Angel of Death Which metaphor is used to describe Mengele? _________ 4. How do we know that Magda (Edith’s sister) is frightened by she ‘grazes [Edith’s] hand with hers’ Mengele’s presence? ____________________ 5. Research the story of Eurydice and Orpheus and summarise it here: Watch clip: ____________________________ https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Rhaep. Ls. P 5 eg ________________________________________________________ 6. Research the story of Salome and Herod and summarise it here: Salome used the power and her talent of dance to ____________________________ get Herod to give her what she wanted – John the ____________________________ Baptist’s head on a plate! ____________________________ 7. Why do you think the sentences get shorter when Edith begins to She seems to be taking it one step at a time as she dance? _________________________ goes through the motions of the dance. She is seeing it as nothing more than a way to survive. ____________________________

1. Birdsong by Sebastian Faulks It had been raining for three weeks, drizzling, then surging into a steady downpour, then lifting for an hour or so until the clouds came in again over the low horizon of Flanders in its winter light. The men's coats were saturated, each fibre of wool gorged on water, and their weight added twenty pounds to what they carried. They had marched up from their billets into the rear area and already the skin on their backs was rubbed raw by the movement of the webbing beneath the load. Repetitive marching songs and chants had brought them to the support lines, but then as darkness fell they saw it was another three miles to the front. Slowly the songs and conversations died as each one concentrated on lifting his feet from the mud that began to suck at them. Their world's narrowed to the soaked back of the man in front. The communication trench was filled with orange slime that covered their boots and puttees. The closer they went to the front line the more it began to smell. Within half a mile it had become no more than a zig-zagged cesspool, thigh-deep in sucking mud that was diluted by the excreta of the over-run latrines and thickened by the decomposing bodies that each new collapse of trench wall revealed in the earth beneath. They tracked out towards a shellhole, the sun bright, a lark above them. Blue sky, unseen by eyes trained on turned mud. They moved low towards a mine crater where bodies had lain for weeks uncollected. ‘Try to lift him. ’ No sound of machine guns or snipers, though their ears were braced for noise. ‘Take his arms. ’ The incomprehensible order through the gas mouthpiece. The arms came away softly. ‘Not like that, not take his arms away’. Find the definition of each of the following words, which are in bold in the text: soaked thoroughly saturated: ____________________________ stuffed full gorged: _____________________________ a filthy place, often somewhere which receives sewage cesspool: _____________________________ a toilet or something used as a toilet latrines: _____________________________ impossible to understand Incomprehensible: _________________________ 2. Find the personification ofthe mud in the first paragraph: ________ ‘began to suck at them’ _________________________________3. Find two examples of positive imagery in the third paragraph that contrast with ‘the sun bright’, ‘a lark above them’, the horrors of war: _______________________ ‘blue sky’ _________________________________ 4. What does the quotation ‘blue sky, unseen by eyes trained on turned mud’ suggest about the soldiers? ______________________ the men are constantly looking down Perhaps reflective of their mood, or that they need to _________________________________ watch where they are walking 5. Find the three types of animals referenced in the final paragraph. What are rats, flies, crows – all have negative the connotations of these animals? __________________ connotations – seen as pests, disease-ridden _________________________________ 6. What is the style and tone of the dialogue within the extract? On Weir’s collar a large rat trailed something red down his back. A crow is disturbed, lifting its black body up suddenly, battering the air with its big Short and matter-of-fact. Based on brief orders. They don’t _________________________________ wings. Coker and Barlow shook their heads under the assault of risen flies coming up, transforming the black skin of corpses into green by their absence. seem to be having much conversation. ________________________________

1. Siegfried Sassoon: Letter of Defiance In July of 1917, mid-World War I, following a period of convalescent leave during which he had decided to make a stand by not returning to duty, celebrated poet Siegfried Sassoon sent the following open letter to his commanding officer and refused to return to the trenches. The reaction was widespread, thanks in no small part to copies of the controversial letter — titled "Finished with the War; A Soldier's Declaration" — reaching local newspapers, the House of Commons (where it was read out by Hastings Lees Smith), and eventually the London Times. Indeed, Sassoon didn't return to the war and only escaped a courtmartial as a result of his being declared unfit for service and treated for shell-shock. Read the information in bold about Sassoon. List four pieces of information Sassoon fought in WW 1, he was a celebrated poet, he refused to about him: ____________________________ return to the war, his letter was published in newspapers and in _________________________________ the House of Commons, he didn’t return to the war, he was declared unfit for service, he was treated for shell-shock _________________________________ 2. Find the definitions of the following words: recovering from poor health or injury convalescent: _____________________________ a court to try members of the military court-martial: _____________________________ the art of deceiving or not lying deception: ______________________________ I am making this statement as an act of Wilful defiance of military authority because I believe that the war is being deliberately prolonged by those who have the power to end it. I am a soldier, convinced that I am acting on behalf of soldiers. I believe that the war upon which I entered as a war of defence and liberation has now become a war of aggression and conquest. I believe that the purposes for which I and my fellow soldiers entered upon this war should have been so clearly stated as to have made it impossible to change them and that had this been done the objects which actuated us would now be attainable by negotiation. hardened, insensitive, unsympathetic callous: _______________________________ I have seen and endured the sufferings of the troops and I can no longer be a party to prolonging these sufferings for ends which I believe to be evil and unjust. I am not protesting against the conduct of the war, but against the political errors and insincerities for which the fighting men are being sacrificed. from the text to support your answer: ___________________ On behalf of those who are suffering now, I make this protest against the deception which is being practised upon them; also I believe it may help to destroy the callous complacency with which the majority of those at home regard the continuance of agonies which they do not share and which they have not enough imagination to realise. 5. How would you describe the tone of this letter? Choose one from the options Lt. Siegfried Sassoon. 3 rd Batt: Royal Welsh Fusiliers. July, 1917 a feeling of safety or security complacency: _____________________________ 3. In what way does Sassoon believe that the reasons for war have changed? It has gone from being a war of defence/liberation to one of aggression __________________________________ and conquest 4. In the final paragraph, how does Sassoon criticise those at home? Use evidence Sassoon says they are ignorant to the agonies of war because they ‘have ___________________________________ not enough imagination’ to understand how horrific it is. __________________________________ below, and then find a quotation to justify your response: formal angry frustrated critical Any of these are correct – as long as students have justified their choice ___________________________________ with a relevant quotation from the text. __________________________________

1. Who was Winston Churchill? List four facts you can find out about Winston Churchill Speech (edited) Born 1874, Died 1965, Prime Minister from 1940 -1945 him: ___________________________ "I have, myself, full Confidence that if all do their duty, if nothing is neglected, and if the best arrangements are made, as they are being made, we shall prove ourselves once again able to defend our Island home, to ride out the storm of war, and to outlive the menace of tyranny, if necessary for years, if necessary alone. _____________________________ At any rate, that is what we are going to try to do. That is the resolve of His Majesty’s Government-every man of them. That is the will of Parliament and the nation. which was during WW 2, famous for his motivational speeches, awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. _____________________________ 2. Find the definition of the following words, which are in bold in the text: settle or find a solution to Resolve: __________________________ a colleague or fellow member Comrades: _________________________ extremely repulsive or disgusting The British Empire and the French Republic, linked together in their cause and in their need, will defend to the death their native soil, aiding each other like good comrades to the utmost of their strength. Odious: __________________________ Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous States have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Gestapo and all the odious apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall not flag or fail. what are the similarities between a storm and war? We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender, and even if, which I do not for a moment believe, this Island or a large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our Empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British Fleet, would carry on the struggle, until, in God's good time, the New World, with all its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old. " 3. What technique is the quotation ‘to ride out the storm of war’ and Metaphor – both dangerous and unpredictable _____________________________ 4. What does the word ‘flag’ mean in the sentence ‘we shall not flag’? Lose momentum/energy _____________________________ 5. Which word is noticeably repeated in the final paragraph? What is the word class of this word and why do you think it is repeated? ‘we’ – collective pronoun. Sense of togetherness/community _____________________________ makes it seem a more manageable task _____________________________ 6. List four words from the final extract which are in the semantic field fight, confidence, defend, armed, guarded, power, of strength: ________________________ might, we

1. Special /privileged type of prisoner in concentration Who were the Kapos? ___________________ camps during the Holocaust – often chosen to manage other prisoners or help run the camp ____________________________ Extract from 'Night' Elie Wiesel 2. Find the definition of the words below, which are in bold in the text: Around five o'clock in the morning, we were expelled from the clothing barrack. The Kapos were beating us again, but I no longer felt the garb: ____________________________ Stopped or brought to an end pain. A glacial wind was enveloping us. We were naked, holding ceased: ___________________________ our shoes and belts. An order: "Run! "And we ran. a person or thing of enormous size colossus: __________________________ After a few minutes of running, a new barrack. A barrel of foulstruggling mentally or physically smelling liquid stood by the door. Disinfection. Everybody soaked floundering: _________________________ in it. Then came a hot shower. All very fast. As we left the covered or concealed veiled: ___________________________ showers; we were chased outside. And ordered to run some similar appearance or characteristics to something more. Another barrack: the storeroom. Very long tables. resembled: _________________________ Mountains of prison garb. As we ran, they threw the clothes at 3. What is the technique in the quotation ‘a glacial wind was enveloping us: pants, jackets, shirts. In a few seconds, we had ceased to be men. Had the situation not been so tragic, we might have laughed. We looked pretty strange! Meir Katz, a colossus, wore a us’ and what does it suggest about the wind? ____________ child's pants, and Stern, a skinny little fellow, was floundering in Personification – it surrounds them. They can’t escape it. ______________________________ a huge jacket. We immediately started to switch. 4. What is the effect of the short sentences at the beginning of the I glanced over at my father. How changed he looked! His eyes second paragraph? (Clue: Read what is happening in the text!) were veiled. I wanted to tell him something, but I didn't know what. The night had passed completely. The morning star shone ______________________________5. They reflect the fast pace of how quick they are being ordered in the sky. I too had become a different person. The student of to move Talmud, the child I was, had been consumed by the flames. All How is the extended metaphor of the flame used in the final paragraph? that was left was a shape that resembled me. My soul had been It says that his previous self/identity was ‘consumed’, _________________________ invaded—and devoured—by a black flame. So many events had ‘invaded’ and ‘devoured’ by a black flame – the black taken place in just a few hours that I had completely lost all ______________________________ notion of time. When had we left our homes? And the ghetto? flame is the evil. He is no longer himself at all. And the train? Only a week ago? One night? One single night? 6. What is the effect of the list of questions at the end of the extract? How long had we been standing in the freezing wind? One hour? Suggests sense of confusion, loss and helplessness. ______________________________ A single hour? Sixty minutes? Surely it was a dream. _____________________________