Year 12 half yearly paper 2017 15 HSC

Year 12 half yearly paper 2017 15% HSC WEIGHTING

The syllabus • • • , Geographical context plans and streetscapes of Pompeii and Herculaneum 2 The nature of sources and evidence the evidence provided by the sources from Pompeii and Herculaneum for: the eruption the economy: trade, commerce, industries, occupations social structure; men, women, freedmen, slaves local political life everyday life: leisure activities, food and dining, clothing, health, baths, water supply and sanitation public buildings – basilicas, temples, fora, theatres, palaestra, amphitheatres private buildings – villas, houses, shops

EXAM STRUCTURE 2 HOUR PAPER • 2 EQUALLY WEIGHTED QUESTIONS 25 MARKS • SECTION A IS THE CORE • Question 17 IS THE TYPICAL SOCIETY SECTION.

Know the dot points • • • • Underlined topics The Physical environment, physical features, resources not tested in half Plans and Streetscapes yearly the eruption the economy: trade, commerce, industries, occupations social structure; men, women, freedmen, slaves local political life everyday life: leisure activities, food and dining, clothing, health, baths, water supply and sanitation public buildings – basilicas, temples, fora, theatres, palaestra, amphitheatres private buildings – villas, houses, shops influence of Greek and Egyptian cultures: art, architecture, religion: temples, household gods, foreign cults, tombs. changing methods and contributions of nineteenth and twentieth century archaeologists to our understanding of Pompeii and Herculaneum changing interpretations: impact of new research and technologies issues of conservation and reconstruction: Italian and international contributions and responsibilities; impact of tourism Ethical Issues

CORE STRUCTURE • • • Source booklet 5 multiple choice 1 3 mark question 1 6 mark question 1 10 mark question taken from section 3 of the core syllabus Allow 1 HOUR for this section with at least 20 minutes for 10 mark and 12 -15 minutes for 7 mark questions • Remember to use the time and write beyond the lines given if need be. • This year in the HSC THE CORE WILL BE SCANNED ON TO A COMPUTER, SO STUDENTS ARE ADVISED TO BE CONCISE AND LIMIT THE SIZE OF YOUR HANDWRITING TO MAXIMISE THE INFORMATION IN THE GIVEN SPACE.

Types of questions • The three mark will be a describe question • The 6 mark will be an explain question • The 10 mark will be either explain, evaluate, assess or discuss. • In all three you will be expected to refer to the sources given. In the 6 and 10 mark question this should be done several times.

Year 12 REVISION Using the sources 3/6 mark questions 10 mark extended response question

Street of Pompeii Using the source , describe the streetscape of Pompeii pulling evidence from the source

Multiple Choice practice • • Wine Garum Grapes olives

• • Metallurgy Paint shop Breadmaking Clothes dying

• • Bisellum Macellum Aediculum pistrinum Name given to honorific seat

• • • This is known as a Columella Columbarium Compitale Castellum

• Activity most likely to have taken place here • Gladiator fight • Poetry recital • Chariot race • Cock Fighting

• ACTIVITY IN THIS BUILDING • Town Council meeting • Ritual Sacrifice • Courts • Selling of grain produce

• Which group met here • Isis members • Fullers and Dyers • Dionysiac Cult • Augustales Cult

• This room found in a bath complex is • Caldarium • Tepidarium • Frigidarium • Apotyderium

• This room is generally known as • Culina • Cucina • Cubiculum • Triclinium

• The principle under garment worn by men and women • Toga • Tunica • Palla • Bustum

• The original function of this space • Gladiator barracks • Palaestra • Peristyle • Intermission during theatre plays

• Which art style is shown opposite • First • Second • Third • Fourth

• An archaeologist would use this as evidence of • Ancient punishment of slaves • Gender inequality • Treatment of clothes • Social Status

• The artificial water course found in gardens was called a • Euripus • Sima • Puteal • Sinopia

• An archaeologist would use this as evidence of what • Pompeians loved art • Pompeians had a varied diet • Wealthy Pompeians ate local produce • Animals were revered in religion

Street of Pompeii Using the source , describe the streetscape of Pompeii

Explain the nature of politics in Pompeii and Herculaneum • To Marcus Holconius Rufus son of Marcus, Importance duumvir with legal power five times and twice of again quinquennial, military tribune by the Paterfamilia people, flamen of Augustus, patron of the colony, having been decreed by the decurions. Board of 4 appointed every four years with censorial powers Importance of membership of cults that aligned families with the reigning Emperor Patrons were appointed because of heir high status, connections with Rome and ability to spend their wealth on the colony Highest magistracy, held judicial power Honorific election, merely symbolic Decurions were members of the Town Council responsible for the day to day decision making. You had to have achieved minor magistracies before being eligible, unless your father could do the Council a favour.

Explain the nature of commercial activity in Pompeii and Herculaneum

House of the Samnite in Herculaneum Describe the function of this space using the source the houses of Herculaneum

Theatre in Pompeii Using the sources explain what the evidence reveals about Greek influence in Pompeii and Herculaneum

Using the source below explain the importance of Entertainment in Pompeii

Using the sources explain the importance of leisure to Pompeians

• • Opening sentence would address the question eg “ Mens sana in corpore sano”; sound mind a sound body illustrates the Roman enthusiasm for physical exercise while the number of religious holidays provided an opportunity for theatre and spectacles Ancient terms and concepts to include would be otium and negotum; leisure and work; Know the layout and terminology of the bath complexes/ theatres/ palaestra and amphitheatre ( seating capacities) and be able to know at least 1 piece of graffiti from each( mention Greek architecture, comedy and tragedies) Be able to explain who gladiators were, what they wore and how they fought. Be able to give specific examples of mozaics and paintings eg theatre masks in Naples Museum and painting of the Amphitheatre fight between Pompeians and Nucerians Remember gambling, not just dice but cock fighting was also popular Prostitution could double for economy and leisure and entertainment Importance of Leisure and Entertainment ( 2008) The question may be much more narrow!!!!!

Changing Methods of Archaeology and Technology Methods Technology • Previous treasure hunt, only interested in Roman, classical architecture, sculptures • Fiorelli, Inspector in 1863 • Numbered and named houses and buildings. Divided Pompeii into 9 regions each containing up to 22 insulae. Buildings identified by 3 numbers. Also named streets and gates • Systematic excavation. Removed debris of earlier excavations and used top down excavation rather than from the side. Minimised damage to wall structures • Plaster casts, preserved impressions of body positions, animals, furniture and clothing • Mau; Divided art into 4 styles • Vittorio Spinazzola; 1911 -24 ; careful and systematic excavated streetscapes and external face of buildings • Used photography to record excavations • Amedeo Mauri; 1924 -61; WW 2 bombing. Excavated Via Dell Abondanza. Interested in pre Roman period. Excavated wall and established stages of construction. Villa of Mysteries and Julia Felix • Fausto Zevi halted excavations • Guzzo 1995; obtained gate entry to fund conservation. Brought international teams of experts Salvador Nappo; Plaster replaced with clear apoxy resin( didn’t shrink). Could be Xrayed Sigurdsson; stratigraphical analyses established sequence of eruption Jaye Pont, ceramic analyses identified local potters and imported ware but showed importance of local craftsmen. Forensic Evidence; Bisel ( disproved the idea that only the old or the invalids were left behind)and Lazer; pugilistic poses proved exposure to high heat. Herculaneum died from fulminant shock Findings showed good level of health Capasso examined diseases like Brucellosis from meat and tuberculosis from wood fires and poor ventilation Jashemski pollen analyses identified 184 plant types. Reinterpreted land use within the city limits CAD IMAGING; Kirk Martini disproves theory of urban decay after 62 earthquake Multi Spectral Imaging by Brigham University converts burned scrolls to clear images

Extended response Bd 4, 5, 6 How has changing technology changed our understanding of life in Pompeii and Herculaneum • Previous treasure hunt, only interested in Roman, classical architecture, sculptures • Fiorelli plaster cast methods identified body poses at the time of death, showing cause of death as heat exposure. Same process now used to identify root types and plants. • Sara Bisel and Estelle Lazer studies on bodies of people and their findings • Kirk Martini and CAD technology changed idea of Mauri- urban decline 4 Changing technology important in excavation methods, able to yield more information, while being less invasive Fiorelli- facial expressions and even clothing suggests death experience. The new technology of clear resin allows MRI tests to identify level of health, jewelry etc Work done by Bisel and Laser proved conclusively that the death experience of the two towns was different. Bisel worked on the bodies of Herculaneum clearly disproving that the towns inhabitants had time to escape Pugilistic poses suggested exposure to high heat whereas Herculaneum died from fulminant shock. Laser also disproved the previously held belief that only the aged and invalid could not escape…. . Carpasso identified tuberculosis in victims possibly from wood fires in poorly ventilated homes Jaye Pont and study of pottery clearly identified 3 local potters in Pompeii, where at the same time some pottery was imported. Kirk Martini………………. 5

BD 6, COMPREHENSIVE DETAIL, DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES • • • Throughout the 20 th century increasing technological advances through computer digitilization, stratigraphic analyses, multi spectral analyses and forensic techniques have inverted previously held views on the Cities of Vesuvius. All of the above but places strong emphasis on changing understanding eg Sigurdssons stratigraphic analyses despite its evidentiary problems in seeking to match Pliny’s description, established a unique timeline of the eruptive experience for both towns. He also established the critical level of roof collapse for Pompeii. This was supported in the studies done on the House of Julius Polybius Jashemski’s root cavity analyses using resin instead of plaster ammended the distinction between rural/urban activities and proved that areas within the walled town were given over to agricultural production. She stated that “They lived in their gardens, they ate in them, they made them a major part of their lives”. Jashemski observed what was grown in these gardens. For example the “house of the ship Europa” once contained vegetables and nut bushes. These market gardens are believed to have been for local produce only. Jashemski also studied an establishment where flowers may have been grown for the production of perfumes. Kirk Martini disproved the view of the Forum as a builders yard after the 62 earthquake. By 1996 the team also concluded that the Pompeian’s did not use their urban centre as a series of separate structures, but as an urban ensemble. Heather Hopkins from Bradford University through her application of Experimental archaeology in the textile industry , put an end to the Jongmen/Moeller debate and proved that the level of production from the dying vats was sufficient to satisfy a domestic rather than export market.

Core Extended response • Integrate the source or sources several times throughout your response • It is very important that paragraphs are used to identify development of argument. Indent your paragraph • Do not leave lines between paragraphs. This is wasting space • If you have medium to large handwriting, write smaller!! • Do not have lengthy Intros or Conclusion. One sentence only. • Use all of the space available • Do not use dot points. Use best language

Comments from the markers • For a 3 mark question students were asked to Identify the archaeological feature, describe and make a link between the evidence and the general topic • Describe generally the broader topic. In this case it was food preparation • Better responses were able to draw more widely on knowledge about food preparation elsewhere. • The 6 mark question, students were given 3/4 pages and should have allocated 10 minutes • The 8 mark question will always be Explain. Students who merely describe will only gain half marks. With the forum question students were expected to describe the buildings as well as explain their use and their importance to Pompeii. The best answers were able to refer to the use of open space as well as buildings and bring in more sources of evidence.

Question 17 Sparta • Short answers 2, 3, marks usually name two of something, or define a term • 4 or 5 marks is normally describe or a more extended definition such as “ What was the Kleros, Gerousia, Hyakinthia? ? • 6, 8 is always explain. Explain one legend, Explain Agoge, Explain privileges of Kings, Explain funeral rights of Kings • 12 -15 mark will usually have a source attached and will usually be Explain the role of ( YOU NAME IT)Explain the significance of (YOU NAME IT) or more directly just Explain( social structure, process of government, )

TIPS for the extended response • • • No Everyday life or Cultural life Remember the feedback from your essay. In the Sparta section; Reference problems of evidence Use Ancient Primary, Secondary and Archaeological sources to support every statement • You have an hour. Use all of it. If needs be ask for an extra booklet.

ANY QUESTIONS YOU WANT TO BRAINSTORM? ? ?