Year 10 Any work that has been done

Year 10 …. Any work that has been done so far NOT in full sentences will be being redone next week in your time. You are in Year 10. So I suggest that no more work is done in a lazy fashion without full sentences or you will be wasting your time.

Key words land use models: CBD: The Central Business District. This the area in the middle of urban areas where tends to be a concentration of retail and commercial land uses. Transition zone: The area between the CBD and the largely residential suburbs. Traditionally this used to be an area of industry, but as industry has relocated these areas are being regenerated into mixed land use areas including houses, shops and entertainment. Suburbs: The areas near the edge of the urban area that has a concentration of residential land use. There will also be some recreational land use within the suburbs and possibly some retail and educational. Rural-urban fringe: This is the boundary between the urban area and the rural area (countryside). This area is demand by multiple land users e. g. agriculture, recreational, residential, retail, industrial. The large demand can often lead to conflict. Commuter belt or Commuter villages (dormitory villages): Areas of residential land use where people travel from to their work place. People might access services near their place of work so commuter villages are often devoid of any other land uses or services. Greenfield Site: Land that has never been built on before, greenfield sites will often be used for agriculture. Many countries are trying to restrict the amount of building on greenfield sites and encouraging building on brownfield sites. Brownfield Site: This is land that has been built on previously but has been left abandoned and often become derelict. Most commonly brownfield sites are former factories found in the transition zone. Derelict: Land that has been abandoned (no longer used) and often become run down or vandalised. Derelict sites is a sign of disinvestment (companies and people leaving an area). Greenbelt: Greenbelts are protected areas of land around large urban areas. They have been used by the UK government to try and protect greenfield sites and promote building on brownfield sites. Housing Density: The number of houses per km 2. Urban Sprawl or Urban Growth: The spread or growth of an urban area into the rural-urban fringe.

• Housing styles: Flats Detached Terraced

Changing urban models in MEDCs L/O: To recognise land use models and be able to compare them and apply them to ONE MEDC. What do these show us? Can you connect these models to Seville?

Think – land use! • How is land used in an urban area? • List what sorts of ways land could to be used in an urban area? E. g. offices Commercial: Residential: Industrial: Agricultural: Recreational: Retail: Educational: This is businesses, This is housing and This is factories, This farming and is Any activity that This is shops. Any building mainly offices. The is where people traditionally found obviously normally people do in their Traditionally the connected to main commercial live. Apartment in the transition found in rural areas spare time. This main shopping education e. g. area will normally type housing is zone, they are now although some land use may areas have been in libraries, schools be in the CBD. found near the more likely to be cities may have include golf the CBD but and universities. CBD and bigger found in the rural- some small urban courses, football increasingly shops This land use may houses towards urban fringe. farms. pitches, museums, have been be found anywhere the suburbs. sports centres and relocating to in urban areas. tennis courts. shopping malls in the rural-urban fringe.

Land use models in a MEDC Land use models are theories that attempt to give a pattern to the land use in most cities. The concentric model was created by Ernest Burgess and is based on Chicago, where he claims all settlements start from an central point going outwards. As you move out from the CBD (central business district) the higher the income of the average person becomes. The centre (CBD) is usually the oldest part of the city however it should be also the most advanced and as the needs of the CBD grows the city will also grow in all directions. The yellow area is High class residential, this means that they are usually fully detached (not attached to another house) and are biggest, and usually containing a garden. The low class residential area is the area most close to the factories, the housing will usually be attached on both sides (detached) and very small and closely packed when compared to the high class residential. This is to put more people in a smaller area. So workers can get to their jobs easier (in the factories)

Land use models in a MEDC Land use models are theories that attempt to give a pattern to the land use in most cities. This model was based on the land use in cities before public transport. This means that factories had to be placed along rivers or railway lines which could be used transport of raw materials into the manufactured good out of the city. They were also in the centre close to lots of workers ( a large work force) Features of a CBD: high density of people and buildings (there are lots of them close together), offices, businesses, expensive land, oldest part, small alleys and medieval streets, perhaps pedestrianised (no cars can drive there. )

Burgess Model suburbs 8 of 32 inner city CBD inner city suburbs © Boardworks Ltd 2005

Hoyt model The sector (Hoyt) was created by Hoyt and was created after the introduction of public transport so that workers can live further away from work and still get there quickly, this also means that buses and trains can get around the city helping people get around the city. Roads help vans and lorries get into manufacturing areas bringing raw materials and out of the areas bringing manufactured goods from the factories and into the shops. Factories can now be built outside the city Do the tasks 1 and 2 on the sheet – using help sheet!

The zone of transition Look at the yellow and red zones. The yellow zone is called the zone of transition because it is changing. How has it changed? The red zones will give you some clues! What do you think happened to it when the factories began moving out of town? Have you seen any old factories in Seville? What has happened to them?

The Rural-Urban Fringe Rural-urban fringe: The boundary between the urban area (towns and cities) and the rural area (countryside). Because so many cities are expanding, more houses need to built and often this means building on greenfield sites and the rural urban fringe. This means different groups frequently come into conflict over how to use it. Groups that may come into conflict include: House developers House buyers Farmers Hikers and cyclists Road builders Factories Supermarkets Business or science parks Task: Explain how 3 or 4 or these may come into conflict!

Developing the rural urban fringe Imagine a shopping centre was being built on the outskirts of Seville (e. g. Ikea in Tomares), there would be advantages and disadvantages for the local residents! ADVANTAGES TO LOCAL RESIDENTS IN RURAL -URBAN FRINGE • New public transport links may be developed DISADVANTAGES TO LOCAL RESIDENTS IN RURAL-URBAN FRINGE • There will be an increase in congestion as more people travel to shopping centre by car. • There will be new facilities that local residents can access and use • The shopping centres may create noise, air and visual pollution all affecting local residents • Local residents may get jobs in the new (negative externality) shopping centre. • Shopping centres may destroy greenfield sites • The shopping centre may pull more people that have previously been used and enjoyed by into the area and may benefit existing services, local residents. possibly owned by local residents (positive multiplier effect).

Homework: What about Seville? Complete the task on the sheet provided using the internet and print homework for next lesson.