Y AL FIN TCPIP CCNA BASICS THE TCPIP

Y …AL FIN…. TCP/IP CCNA BASICS

THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE HTTP, HTTPS, POP/IMAP Application Layer SMTP, TFTP, TELNET, NTP Transport Layer TCP UDP IP Internet Layer ARP ICMP IGMP Network Layer ATM Interface Ethernet CCNA BASICS Application Layer Transport Layer Internet Layer Network Interface Layer

TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL TCP IP UDP ICMP IGMP ARP CCNA BASICS

USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL TCP IP UDP ICMP IGMP ARP CCNA BASICS

INTERNET PROTOCOL TCP IP UDP ICMP IGMP ARP CCNA BASICS Router

INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOL TCP IP UDP ICMP IGMP ARP CCNA BASICS Router

INTERNET GROUP MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL TCP IP UDP ICMP IGMP ARP CCNA BASICS

ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL 1 5 B ARP Cache 2 A 3 6 TCP IP UDP ICMP IGMP ARP CCNA BASICS ARP Cache C 4 1. ARP cache is checked 2. ARP request is sent 3. ARP entry is added 4. ARP reply is sent 5. ARP entry is added 6. IP packet is sent

THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE HTTP, HTTPS, POP/IMAP Application Layer SMTP, TFTP, TELNET, NTP Transport Layer TCP UDP IP Internet Layer ARP ICMP IGMP Network Layer ATM Interface Ethernet CCNA BASICS Application Layer Transport Layer Internet Layer Network Interface Layer

Data Flow CRC HTTP FTP Data HTTP FTP TCP UDP Application TCP UDP Transport IP ICMP IGMP ARP ATM Ethernet CCNA BASICS Internet Preamble IP ICMP IGMP ARP ATM Ethernet

FTP COMMANDS Command Purpose ls Lists the files in the current directory. cd Changes the working directory on the remote host. lcd Changes the working directory on the local host. put Uploads a single file to the remote host. get Downloads a single file from the remote host. mput Uploads multiple files to the remote host. mget Downloads multiple files from the remote host. binary Switches transfers into binary mode. ascii Switches transfers into ASCII mode (the default). CCNA BASICS

TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE SUMMARY Protocol Full Name Description OSI Layer IP Internet Protocol Connectionless protocol used for moving data around a network. Network TCP Transmission Control Protocol Connection-oriented protocol that offers flow control, sequencing, and retransmission of dropped packets. Transport UDP User Datagram Protocol Connectionless alternative to TCP that is used for applications that do not require the functions offered by TCP. Transport FTP File Transfer Protocol for uploading and downloading files to and from a remote host; also accommodates basic file-management tasks. Application TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol File transfer protocol that does not have the security or error-checking capabilities of FTP; uses UDP as a transport protocol and is therefore connectionless. Application SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Mechanism for transporting email across networks. Application HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol for retrieving files from a Web server. Application HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure protocol for retrieving files from a Web server. Application POP/IMAP Post Office Protocol/Internet Message Access Protocol Used for retrieving email from a server on which the mail is stored. Application Telnet Allows sessions to be opened on a remote host. Application ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol Used for error reporting, flow control, and route testing. Network ARP Address Resolution Protocol Resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses, to enable communication between devices. Network NTP Network Time Protocol Used to communicate time synchronization information between devices. Application CCNA BASICS

TCP/UDP PORT FUNCTIONS Protocol Port Assignment TCP/UDP Service FTP 21 TCP SSH 22 TCP Telnet 23 TCP SMTP 25 TCP DNS 53 UDP TFTP 69 UDP HTTP 80 TCP/UDP POP 3 110 TCP NNTP 119 TCP NTP 123 TCP IMAP 4 143 TCP SNMP 161 UDP HTTPS 443 TCP CCNA BASICS

NETWORK SERVICES: DHCP DNS NAT ICS SNMP WINS CCNA BASICS

Configuring TCP/IP to Obtain an IP Address Automatically • • DHCP Automatically Assigns IP Addresses and Other Configuration Information to DHCP Clients Automatic Private IP Addressing Enables the Configuration of IP Addresses Without Using Static IP Addresses or Installing the DHCP Server Service. Request for IP address Yes please! ip 192. 168. 120. 133. Lo quieres? Tomalo! Actualizo tabla DHCP Client Automatic Private IP Addressing Generates IP Address CCNA BASICS OR DHCP Server If No DHCP is Available

Domain Naming • Domain Name (example. microsoft. com) – Top-level domain (com) – Second-level domain (microsoft. com) – Subdomain (example. microsoft. com) com microsoft. com example. microsoft. com CCNA BASICS

NAT 192. 168. 0. 10 Web Server w 2. x 2. y 2. z 2 Web Browser w 1. x 1. y 1. z 1 Internet NAT CCNA BASICS

TYPES OF NAMES n Assigned Host Names Net. BIOS Names CCNA BASICS to a computer’s IP address n 255 characters in length n Can contain alphabetic and numeric characters, hyphens, and periods n Can take various forms n Alias n 16 -byte address n Domain name n Used to represent a single computer or group of computers n 15 of the characters may be used for the name n 16 th character is used by the services that a computer offers to the network

STATIC IP MAPPING n Provides name resolution for host names to IP addresses Hosts File n Multiple host names can be assigned to the same IP address n Entries are case sensitive n Provides Lmhosts File CCNA BASICS name resolution for Net. BIOS names to IP addresses n. A part of the Lmhosts file is preloaded into memory

DYNAMIC IP MAPPING n DNS is a system for naming computers and network services n DNS naming system is organized in a hierarchical fashion DNS Server n Maps domain names to IP address n Mapping records are stored on a DNS server n Provides a distributed database for registering dynamic mappings of Net. BIOS names WINS Server CCNA BASICS n WINS maps Net. BIOS names to IP addresses

NAME RESOLUTION 1 2 Net. BIOS Host Name Resolution LMHOSTS 8 Host Name Resolution Enter Command File LMHOSTS 8 7 DNS Server 1 Enter Command File 7 Broadcast Local Host Name 3 HOSTS File 2 4 6 WINS Server 7 Net. BIOS Name Cache Local Host Name DNS Server 5 6 Net. BIOS Name Cache 1 33 HOSTS WINS Server File Broadcast Enter Command 6 2 HOSTS File 7 DNS Server WINS Server Net. BIOS Name Cache 6 5 HOSTS File LMHOSTS Net. BIOS Name Resolution 3 WINS Server File Cache Net. BIOS Name 5 4 DNS Server 4 Broadcast 5 LMHOSTS 4 CCNA BASICS File Broadcast

IP ADDRESSING IPv 4 SUBNETTING CCNA BASICS

NO MORE SUBNETTING!!!! CCNA BASICS

IPv 6 USES 8 OCTECT ADDRESSING = 128 BITS IS EXPRESSED IN 8 CUARTETS OF HEXADECIMAL NUMBERS YELDS TO 3. 4 E 38 CCNA BASICS POSSIBLE ADDRESSES

DEFAULT GATEWAYS MEANS BY WHICH A DEVICE CAN ACCESS HOSTS OR DEVICES IN OTHER NETWORKS EACH HOST MUST DECIDE IF A PACKET IS REMOTE OR LOCAL DO NOT CONFUSE DEFAULT GATEWAY WITH THE GATEWAY DEVICE CCNA BASICS

PUBLIC AND PRIVATE NETWORKS RESERVED PRIVATE NETWORKS Class Mask Address Range Default Subnet A 10. 0– 10. 255. 0. 0. 0 B 172. 16. 0. 0– 172. 31. 255 255. 0. 0 C 192. 168. 0. 0– 192. 168. 255 255. 0 CCNA BASICS

PRACTICE EXAM CCNA BASICS

What is the function of ARP? 1. A. It resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses. 2. B. It resolves Net. BIOS names to IP addresses. 3. C. It resolves WINS addresses to DNS addresses. 4. D. It resolves hostnames to IP addresses. CCNA BASICS

The correct answer is A. The function of ARP is to resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses. Answer B is incorrect; the responsibility for resolving Net. BIOS names to IP addresses is a function of WINS. Answer C is invalid. Resolving hostnames to IP addresses is a function of DNS, thus, answer D is incorrect. CCNA BASICS

As the network administrator you decide to block port 80. Which of the following services will be unavailable for network users? 1. A. DNS 2. B. POP 3 3. C. FTP 4. D. HTTP CCNA BASICS

The correct answer is D. This is correct because the HTTP service uses port 80, so blocking port 80 will prevent users from using the HTTP service. Answer A is incorrect as DNS uses port 53; answer B is also incorrect, as POP 3 uses port 110, and finally FTP (answer C) is incorrect as it uses port 21. CCNA BASICS

Which of the following addresses is a Class B address? 1. A. 129. 16. 12. 200 2. B. 126. 15. 16. 122 3. C. 211. 244. 212. 5 4. D. 193. 17. 101. 27 CCNA BASICS

The correct answer is A. Class B addresses fall into the range 128 to 191. Therefore, answer A is the only one of the addresses listed that falls into that range. Answer B is a Class A address, and answers C and D are both Class C IP addresses. CCNA BASICS

You are the administrator of a small organization. All the workstations used in the office are Windows-based systems, and the server is a Windows 2000 Server system. Presently, the only Internet access is from a single PC that uses a modem, but your manager has asked you to get cable Internet access and share the connection with all the other workstations on the network. Which of the following services might you use to CCNA BASICS accomplish this?

The correct answer is B. Answer B is correct, as ICS allows a single Internet connection to be shared among multiple computers. None of the other services mentioned are used to share an Internet connection. CCNA BASICS

Which of the following port ranges is described as "well known"? 1. A. 0 to 1023 2. B. 1024 to 49151 3. C. 49152 to 65535 4. D 65535 to 78446 CCNA BASICS

The correct answer is A. Answer A is correct, as well-known ports are defined in the range 0 to 1023. None of the other answers are referred to as the well-known ports. CCNA BASICS

You are called into troubleshoot a problem whereby two workstations on a network are unable to resolve hostnames to IP address. The network does not use a DNS server. What can you do to correct the problem? 1. A. Edit the LMHOSTS file on the server. 2. B. Edit the LMHOSTS file on the workstations. 3. C. Edit the HOSTS file on the server. 4. D. Edit the HOSTS file on the CCNA BASICS workstations.

The correct answer is D. Answer D is correct as the HOSTS file on workstations can be used to resolve hostnames to the IP address when a DNS server is not used in a network. Answers A and B are incorrect as LMHOSTS is a text file used to manually configure Net. BIOS to IP resolution. Answer C is incorrect as the HOSTS file resides on the workstations. CCNA BASICS

You have been tasked with temporarily disabling Telnet access for external users. Which is the best way to accomplish this? 1. A. Block port 53 on the corporate firewall. 2. B. Block port 23 on the corporate firewall. 3. C. Uninstall the Telnet service. 4. D. Configure ICS to ignore client -initiated Telnet requests. CCNA BASICS

The correct answer is B. By blocking port 23, you can disable the Telnet service. Answer A is incorrect as port 53 is used by DNS. Uninstalling the Telnet service (answer C) is not a practical solution and D is an invalid answer. CCNA BASICS

Which of the following layer 4 protocols is used to provide connectionless service? 1. A. UDP 2. B. TCP 3. C. IP 4. D. FTP CCNA BASICS

The correct answer is A. Answer A is correct; UDP provides connectionless service and operates at layer 4 or the transport layer of the OSI model. TCP also operates at layer 4 but provides connection-oriented service. None of the other options function at the transport layer. CCNA BASICS

Which of the following protocols provides the security for HTTPS? 1. A. HTTP 2. B. SSL 3. C. Telnet 4. D. TCP CCNA BASICS

The correct answer is B. Answer B is correct as the secure socket layer protocol is used to provide security for HTTPS. None of the other answers are valid. CCNA BASICS

Which of the following best describes the function of the default gateway? 1. A. Provides the route for destinations outside of the local subnet. 2. B. Allows a single Internet connection to be used by several users. 3. C. Identifies the local subnet and formulates a routing table. 4. D. Used to communicate in a multiple-platform environment. CCNA BASICS

The correct answer is A. The default gateway allows systems on one local subnet to access those on another. None of the other descriptions define the function of a default gateway. CCNA BASICS

CHAPTER 6 OBJECTIVES WAN TECHNOLOGIES REMOTE ACCESS SECURITY PROTOCOLS CCNA BASICS

WAN TECHNOLOGIES: DIAL UP MODEM CONECTIONS ASYNCRONOUS CCNA BASICS

INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN) BRI PRI Characteristic PRI BRI Speed 1. 544 Mbps 128 Kbps Channels 23 B+D 2 B+D Transmission carrier T 1 PSTN CCNA BASICS

T CARRIER LINES FDDI ATM X 25 FRAME RELAY SONET/OC-X LEVELS CCNA BASICS

T-carrier lines CCNA BASICS

Transmission rates in terms of Optical Carrier (OC) Optical Level Electrical Level Line Rate (Mbps) Payload Rate (Mbps) Overhead Rate (Mbps) SDH Equivalent OC-1 STS-1 51. 840 50. 112 1. 728 - OC-3 STS-3 155. 520 150. 336 5. 184 STM-1 OC-9 STS-9 466. 560 451. 008 15. 552 STM-3 OC-12 STS-12 622. 080 601. 344 20. 736 STM-4 OC-18 STS-18 933. 120 902. 016 31. 104 STM-6 OC-24 STS-24 1244. 160 1202. 688 41. 472 STM-8 OC-36 STS-36 1866. 240 1804. 032 62. 208 STM-13 OC-48 STS-48 2488. 320 2405. 376 82. 944 STM-16 OC-96 STS-96 4976. 640 4810. 752 165. 888 STM-32 OC-192 STS-192 9953. 280 9621. 504 331. 776 STM-64 CCNA BASICS

Fiber Distributed Data Interface Secondary Ring Primary Ring Characteristics Description Access Method Token passing Transfer Speed CCNA BASICS Fiber-optic at 155 Mbps to 622 Mbps

Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM Switch l Cel ATM Switch Characteristics Access Method Transfer Speed CCNA BASICS Cell Description Point-to-point. Transfers fixed-sized packets from one computer to another through ATM switching equipment Fiber-optic at 155 Mbps to 622 Mbps

X. 25 PAD Service Client X. 25 Smart Card Modem X. 25 Based on Packet Switching n X. 25 Packet Assembler/Disassembler (PAD) n Client Configuration n Server Configuration n CCNA BASICS Server

Frame Relay Main Office Frame Relay Network Fram e rame F Branch Offices Fram e Characteristics Description Access Method Point-to-point Dependent upon Transfer Speed transmittal capabilities of digital leased lines CCNA BASICS

REMOTE ACCESS PROTOCOLS AND SERVICES RAS SLIP PPTP ICA CCNA BASICS

Remote Access Connection Local Area Network ls Remote Access Protocols LAN Protocols r P N o LA s es c c ls A te oco o m rot e R P Internet Remote Access Client CCNA BASICS o c o t Remote Access Server

Data Transport Protocols Remote Access Protocols LAN Protocols PPP TCP/IP SLIP (client only) NWLink Microsoft RAS Net. BEUI ARAP (server only) Apple. Talk Remote Access Server CCNA BASICS Remote Access Client

Virtual Private Network PPTP L 2 TP Protocols Internetwork Can Be IP, Internetwork Must Be IP Based No Header Compression Frame Relay, X. 25, or ATM Based Header Compression No Tunnel Authentication Built-in PPP Encryption Uses IPSec Encryption Internet Client CCNA BASICS PPTP or L 2 TP Server

CCNA BASICS

CCNA BASICS

SECURITY PROTOCOLS IP SECURITY IPSec LAYER 2 FORWARDING L 2 F LAYER 2 TUNNELING PROTOCOL L 2 TP SECURE SOCKETS LAYER KERBEROS SSH CCNA BASICS SSL

Examining the Role of IPSec in a Network Active Directory IPSec Policy Security Association Negotiation TCP Layer IPSec Driver Encrypted IP Packets CCNA BASICS

Configuring IPSec for Security Between Computers • Using IPSec in Transport Mode – Enforces IPSec policies for traffic between systems – Supports Windows 2000 – Provides end-to-end security – Is the default mode for IPSec Security Between Computers Windows 2000 Professional CCNA BASICS Windows 2000 Server

Configuring IPSec for Security Between Networks • Using IPSec in Tunnel Mode – Enforces IPSec policies for all Internet traffic – Supports legacy operating systems predominantly – Supports point-to-point security – Specifies tunnel endpoint at both routers Security Between Networks Router Windows 2000 -based Server/Router CCNA BASICS Router Windows 2000 -based Server/Router

PHYSICAL CONECTIONS PUBLIC SWITCHED TELEPHONE NETWORK INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK CABLE DSL SATELLITE CCNA BASICS PSTN ISDN

Hardware Options Connection Methods l PSTN l ISDN l l l CCNA BASICS Cable Modem X. 25 Direct Connection

Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Telephone Wires Client Analog Modem PSTN Analog Voice Data n Worldwide Availability n Analog Modem n 56 Kbps n CCNA BASICS Server

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Digital Telephone Lines or Telephone Wires ISDN Modem Client ISDN International Communication Standard n Digital Transmission n Extends over Local Telephone Exchange n ISDN Modem CCNA BASICS n 64 Kbps or Faster n Server

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) ADSL Wires Client LAN Adapter ATM Adapter ADSL Copper Telephone Lines n Simultaneous Voice and Data Transmission n 1. 5 to 9 Mbps Downstream Rate n 16 to 640 Kbps Upstream Rate CCNA BASICS n LAN Interface or Dial-up Interface n Server

Ancho de banda contra distancia sobre UTP categoria 3. CCNA BASICS

Division de bandas de frecuencia • 1. 2. 3. En DSL se divide el espectro en: Voz Flujo ascendente Flujo descendente CCNA BASICS

Esquema de un ASDL comun. CCNA BASICS

PROTOCOLS PPP SLIP PPPo. E TCP/IP IPX/SPX CCNA BASICS

Standard Authentication Protocols Protocol Security PAP SPAP CHAP Use when The client and server cannot Low negotiate using more secure validation Connecting a Shiva LANRover and Windows 2000–based client or a Medium Shiva client and a Windows 2000– based remote access server You have clients that are not running Medium Microsoft operating systems MS-CHAP High MS-CHAP v 2 High CCNA BASICS You have clients running Windows NT version 4. 0 and later or, Microsoft Windows 95 and later You have dial-up clients running Windows 2000, or VPN clients running Windows NT 4. 0 or Windows 98

DIAL UP ACCESS CCNA BASICS

Creating a Dial-up Connection Client Network Connection Wizard Network Connection Type You can choose the type of network connection. . . Remote Access Server Dial-up to private network Connect using my phone line (modem or ISDN) Dial-up to the Internet Connect to the Internet using my phone line (modem or ISDN) Internet Client ISP Server CCNA BASICS

Configuring Multilink Connections Multilink A B Remote Access Server Multilink with BAP A Remote Access Server B CCNA BASICS C Connection Switches on Demand

Connecting to a Virtual Private Network Corporate Intranet Adapter Internet Windows 2000 VPN Server Tunnel VPN Remote Access Client CCNA BASICS

PRACTICE EXAM CCNA BASICS

Which of the following dial-up protocols can use multiple LAN protocols over a link? 1. A. PPP 2. B. SLIP 3. C. IPX/SPX 4. D. UDP/TCP CCNA BASICS

The correct answer is A. The PPP protocol can use multiple LAN protocols such as IPX/SPX, TCP/IP, or Net. BEUI. CCNA BASICS

Which of the following protocols is used with HTTPS? 1. A. SSH 2. B. SSL 3. C. Proxy 4. D. IPSec CCNA BASICS

The correct answer is B. HTTPS uses SSL to create secure connections over the Internet. Answer A is incorrect as SSH provides a secure multiplatform replacement for Telnet. Answer C is not valid, and IPSec is designed to encrypt data during communication between two computers. CCNA BASICS

What is the total bandwidth available when combining all BRI ISDN communication channels? 1. A. 128 Kbps 2. B. 64 Kbps 3. C. 96 Kbps 4. D. 1, 544 Kbps CCNA BASICS

The correct answer is A. BRI ISDN uses two 64 Kbps channels which, when combined, offer 128 Mbps transfer speeds. None of the other options are valid. CCNA BASICS

As a remote user you need to access your company's private network through the Internet. Which of the following protocols can you use to establish a secure connection? 1. A. IPX/SPX 2. B. TCP/IP 3. C. PPP 4. D. PPTP CCNA BASICS

The correct answer is D. PPTP is used to establish a secure transmission tunnel over an insecure public network such as the Internet. The other protocols mentioned do not provide secure transmissions over a public network. CCNA BASICS

Which of the following is an advantage of ISDN over PSTN? 1. A. ISDN is more reliable. 2. B. ISDN is cheaper. 3. C. ISDN is faster. 4. D. ISDN uses fixed-length packets called cells. CCNA BASICS

The correct answer is C. One clear advantage that ISDN has over the PSTN is its speed. ISDN can combine 64 Kbps channels for faster transmission speeds than the PSTN can provide. ISDN is no more or less reliable than the PSTN. ISDN is more expensive than the PSTN. Answer D describes ATM, not ISDN, thus it is not a valid answer. CCNA BASICS

Which of the following technologies requires dial-up access? 1. A. FDDI 2. B. ISDN 3. C. Packet switching 4. D. ATM CCNA BASICS

The correct answer is B. ISDN require dial-up connections to establish communication sessions. The other answers are not valid. CCNA BASICS

Your company wants to create a secure link between two networks over the Internet. Which of the following protocols would you use to do this? 1. A. PPP 2. B. VPN 3. C. PPTP 4. D. SLIP CCNA BASICS

The correct answer is C. To establish the VPN connection between the two networks, you should use PPTP. PPP is a protocol used on dial-up links. A VPN is a type of network, not a protocol. SLIP is not a secure dial-up protocol. CCNA BASICS

Which of the following protocols is used in thin-client computing? 1. A. ICA 2. B. PPP 3. C. PPTP 4. D. RAS CCNA BASICS

The correct answer is A. The ICA protocol is used in thin-client networking, where only screen, keyboard, and mouse inputs are sent across the line. PPP is a dial-up protocol used over serial links. PPTP is a technology used in VPNs, and RAS is a remote access service. CCNA BASICS

Which of the following URLs is using SSL? 1. A. http: ssl//www. comptia. org 2. B. http: //www. comptia. org 3. C. httpssl: //www. comptia. org 4. D. https: //www. comptia. org CCNA BASICS

The correct answer is D. You can identify when SSL is used by the s in the URL (in this case https: //www. comptia. org). Answer B is a valid HTTP URL, but it is not secure. None of the other answers are correct. CCNA BASICS

In a remote access scenario, what function does PPP serve? 1. A. It is a secure technology that allows information to be securely downloaded from a Web site. 2. B. It is a dial-up protocol used over serial links. 3. C. It is a technology that allows a secure tunnel to be created through a public network. 4. D. It provides a public key/private key exchange mechanism. CCNA BASICS

The correct answer is B. PPP is a protocol that allows for dial-up connections over serial links. Answer A describes SSL; answer C describes a VPN, and answer D describes PKI. CCNA BASICS