XFEL XRay FreeElectron Laser XFEL The European XRAYLaser

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northern Germany The Safety-Concept 1. 2. 3. 4. What is the XFEL – Progress of Planning Components Safety Concept XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 1. What is the XFEL? XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser What is the XFEL? XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Science with Synchrotron-Radiation Accelerator as Super-Light-Source If particles fly around a bend, they send out a wide spectrum of bright light: Synchrotron-Radiation • Science at surfaces • Science with matter • Molecularbiology • Medicine • Chemistry • Geology • . . . XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 3

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser The way to X-RAY-Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser For over 100 Years: X-RAYS – Penetrate matter – The wavelength fits to the distance of the atoms Since then: – Further developements of -RAY-tubes were made X – Synchrotron-Radiation-Sources (at DESY since 1964) To see what the eye doesn´t see XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 4

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser What do they wish to do? XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Watching of: – Single molecules (3 dimensional) – Movings and chemical reactions Ultrashort super bright light flashes to watch fast reactions at atomic layer Idea: Combining the qualities of X-RAY-light and laser-light in the X-RAY-Free-Electron-Laser XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 5

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser The possibilities of XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser • atomic solution structure of molecules • bright light flashes (billion times brighter than up to now) XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 6

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser The possibilities of XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser • short light flashes (<100 Femtoseconds) • in fast flashings recording of chemical reactions • You can see how a muscle moves or catalytic processes work new applications in biology, pharmacy, science of life XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 7

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 2. XFEL – Progress of Technical Planning XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Neighbour Village Schenefeld XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser – ~02/2003: Ministry of Science: decision to realise XFEL as European Project – ~10/2003: Decision for the site at Schenefeld – ~12/2003: Establishing of a workgroup at DESY for the preparation of the PA P – 29/09/2004: The treaty between Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein gets signed – 01/01/2005: Begin of the treaty between Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Overview 2005/2006 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser • Technical Planning XFEL finished 10. 12. 2004 • Version zero of plan approval procedure (PAP) ready 15. 01. 2005 • Motion for plan approval procedure 15. 04. 2005 • Layout of documentation for the public 01. 05. 2005? • End of Layout 15. 06. 2005? • Date of discussion with authorities 01. 10. 2005? • Resolution for PAP End 2005? • Start of construction work Autum 2006? XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 10

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 3. XFEL – Components XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL Marked-out route XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 2 nd Part 1 st Part Osdorfer Born Schenefeld DESY Beam XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL Components of XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser - Total length ~3300 m (~11. 000 ft. ) - Depth 8 to 25 m (26 to 75 ft. ) - Tunnel diameters 5. 2 m and 4. 5 m (~ 18 ft. and 15 ft. ) - 12 shafts for both parts - 2 experimental halls 50 m x 90 m (~ 164 ft. x 295 ft. ) XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Schenefeld Stefan Schrader April 2005 13

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Components of XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 2, 1 km (~ 6900 ft. ) superconducting accelerator at 2 Degrees Kelvin Schenefeld XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 14

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Components of XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 1, 2 km (~ 4000 ft. ) XRAY-“Junctions“ with the undulators DESY XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 15

XFEL Components of XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Experimental hall with the first 10 measuring huts DESY XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 16

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Site of Schenefeld XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Photonbeam XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 3. XFEL – Safety concept XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL The safety concept X-Ray Free-Electron Laser The safety concept is compiled by Prof. Dr. -Ing. Alfred Haack STUVA (Studiengesellschaft für unterirdische Verkehrsanlagen e. V. ) and the XFEL-workgroups at DESY XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL The safety concept X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Main-targets in case of emergency: 1. Guarantee of Personal Safety 2. Guarantee of Plant Safety XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser The safety concept XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser This has to be reached during equipment, run- and maintenanceperiods by: 1. Technical measures 1. 1 Definition of fire- and smoke-separations 1. 2 Smoke extraction 1. 3 General safety installation 1. 4 Installations (cables, transformers, electronics) that are as fireproof as possible AND 2. Organizational measures 3. Personal measures XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL The safety concept X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Separate consideration of standard buildings and tunnels and shafts Ø Standard buildings similar to building regulations of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein Ø Technical buildings similar to Industrial Building Regulation Ø Experimental hall, tunnels and shafts Which regulations to use? ? ? XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL The safety concept X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Our problem: There are no standards for our XFEL-underground buildings. Our task: Definition of our own rules for PAP for these buildings. Lets focus on buildings: Experimental hall, tunnels and shafts: special scientific underground buildings no standards for scientific underground buildings we proceed similar to traffic tunnels and stations XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL The safety concept X-Ray Free-Electron Laser If we compare traffic tunnels and stations with the XFEL, we have • underground buildings • a great number of people (up to several thousand) • difficult and long escape routes At XFEL only the number of employees in possible hazardous areas is smaller and we only have instructed and trained people. The basic rules for traffic tunnels and stations can be adapted to shafts and tunnels. (Length of tunnels, evacuation speed, safety measures) XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL The safety concept X-Ray Free-Electron Laser General Safety Standards for XFEL: Shaft buildings (XSx): Underground building up (or better down) to 7 floors Ø Solid fire- and smoke-separation between tunnel and shaft Ø Smoke detecting system for each building with pushbuttons and evacuation alarm Ø Escape routes: safety stair case, ladders in media shafts and tunnels Ø Safety stair cases with overpressure ventilation Ø Safety elevator for use of fire brigade Ø Access control system with personal tag Ø Escape routes < 35 m to next safe area XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL The safety concept X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser General Safety Standards for XFEL: Injector shaft XSIN Injector tunnel XTIN XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Entry shaft XSE Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser The safety concept XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser General Safety Standards for XFEL: 1 st Junction shaft XS 1 XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL Standort Osdorfer Born: Strahlverzweigung X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser tunnel at the junction shaft near Osdorfer Born XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser The safety concept XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser General Safety Standards for XFEL: LINAC Tunnel (XTL): XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser The safety concept XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser General Safety Standards for XFEL: LINAC Tunnel (XTL): Ø Solid fire- and smoke-separation between tunnel and shaft Ø Fire- and smoke-separation inside tunnel each 600 - 700 m long escape routes! Ø 2 escape routes: both directions of tunnel Ø Smoke detecting system with push buttons and evacuation alarm Ø Smoke extraction channel Ø Access control system with personal tag Ø Oxygen self rescuer for minimum 30 minutes XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser The safety concept XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser General Safety Standards for XFEL: LINAC Tunnel (XTL): Ø Separation in the tunnel (600 – 700 m) Ø Separation wall with three water mist curtains to wash out possible smoke in case of a fire Ø No solid door inside the tunnel to ease transports and work XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL The safety concept X-Ray Free-Electron Laser General Safety Standards for XFEL: LINAC Tunnel (XTL): Ø following definition was made: ü Self rescue time (700 m => 1. 5 m/s => max. 8 minutes to reach next safe area) ü Rescue by emergency service or fire brigade from 8 minutes on 1. 5 m/s = walking speed (only instructed and little number of employees, compared with passengers in stations, no handicapped persons) XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser The safety concept XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser General Safety Standards for XFEL: LINAC Tunnel (XTL): Where is the biggest fire risk for the first 8 min? ? ? Smoke extraction through extraction channel with flaps each 50 m Cables ? Electronic racks ? Klystrons ? Oil-transformer ? XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL The safety concept X-Ray Free-Electron Laser General Safety Standards for XFEL: LINAC Tunnel (XTL): Fire protection of installations Ø Cables are not readily combustible (FRNC) Ø Electronic racks are provided with a gas extinguishing system Ø Oil-transformers are provided with a water mist extinguishing system XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser The safety concept XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser General Safety Standards for XFEL: LINAC Tunnel (XTL): ØA computer fire simulation was made at STUVA and showed that the decision with max. 700 m separation and 8 minutes self rescue time is acceptable. ØAfter the end of the self rescue time the smoke reaches the separations and sinks down. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser The safety concept XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser General Safety Standards for XFEL: Photon Tunnel (XTDs): XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser The safety concept XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser General Safety Standards for XFEL: Photon Tunnel (XTDs): Ø Solid fire- and smoke-separation between tunnels and shafts Ø No fire- and smoke-separation inside tunnel, max. 600 m long escape routes! Ø 2 escape routes: both directions of tunnel Ø Smoke detecting system Ø with push buttons and evacuation alarm Ø Smoke extraction through whole tunnel diameter! Ø Oxigen self rescuer for minimum 30 minutes Ø Access control system with personal tag XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser The safety concept XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser General Safety Standards for XFEL: Experimental Hall (XHEXPx): • Solid fire- and smoke-separation between tunnel and hall • Smoke detecting system in the hall with pushbuttons and evacuation alarm • 7 escape routes: 2 safety stair cases, 5 into tunnels • Safety stair cases with overpressure ventilation • Safety elevator for the use of fire brigade • Access control system with personal tag • Escape routes < 35 m • Smoke extraction XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL The safety concept X-Ray Free-Electron Laser General Safety Standards for XFEL: Experimental Hall (XHEXPx): Offices, labs, auditorium XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser The safety concept XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser General Safety Standards for XFEL: Experimental Hall (XHEXPx): Photon tunnel 12. 5 m (~ 40 ft. ) XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser The safety concept XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser General Safety Standards for XFEL: Experimental Hall (XHEXPx): 50 m x 90 m (~ 164 ft. x 295 ft. ) Experimental huts Photon tunnels XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005

XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005