Xband technology CLIC developments Xband FEL linac introduction

Xband technology • • • CLIC developments Xband FEL linac introduction Xband@Trieste Xband@PSI Xband@SINAP Xband@Turkey W. Wuensch 21‐ 1‐ 2014

Xbox‐ 1 Layout Clockwise from top-left: • Modulator/klystron (50 MW, 1. 5 us pulse) • Pulse compressor (250 ns, ratio 2. 8) • DUT + connections • Acc. structure (TD 26 CC) Gallery Bunker

Pulse: 50 ns 100 ns 150 ns 200 ns 100 MV/m 10 ~2 x /pul -5 Br. D 250 ns se 05. 12. 2013 ls -5 0 x 1 7 ~ u /p e D Br XBOX 1 CLIC Full-fledged CLIC accelerating structure TD 26 R 05 CC build by CERN is successfully processed in XBOX 1 up to 107 MW/m unloaded accelerating gradient at 250 ns pulses. We have started now study of breakdown rate evolution at the fixed (100 MV/m) gradient.

High‐gradient accelerating structure test status

Preparation of future test stands N. Catalan Lasheras, I. Syratchev, G. Mcmonagl CLIC project meeting 11. 10. 2013

Future Developments: XBOX‐ 2 LLRF Board Fully Tested CPI-XL 5 tube fully conditioned at SLAC Functional plan completed PXI hardware purchased and Software partially completed

Future Developments: XBOX‐ 3 • 4 turn-key 6 MW, 11. 9942 GHz, 400 Hz power stations (klystron/modulator) have been ordered from industry. • The first unit is scheduled to arrive at CERN in October 2014. The full delivery will be completed before July 2015.

Energy Target What is the energy range at the end of the linac? Is the maximum 0. 07 nm or 0. 15 nm? Are the bunch parameters the same for different energies? • lower energy implies lower gradient (or additional extraction points) • lower gradient changes the longitudinal and transverse wakefield effects • either need more margin in linac wakefields • or need to only change gradient in Linac 3, but have to check longitudinal effects Need to understand operation at lower energy Who finds out which range is required? D. Schulte, CERN, October 2013 8

2 x Scandi. Nova solid state modulators 2 x CPI klystrons 410 k. V, 1. 6 s flat top 50 MW 1. 5 s (Operated @45 MW) Electron linac RF unit layout based on the existing (industrialized) RF sources (klystron and modulator) I. Syratchev, modified by me X 5. 2 100 (90) MW 1. 5 s TE 01 transfer line ( RF=0. 9) ~11 m, 16. 3 cm TE 01 900 bend Inline RF distribution network Common vacuum network 468 MW (418 MW) 150 ns Preliminary x 10 accelerating structures @68. 8 MV/m (65 MV/m) 46. 8 MV (41. 8 MW) input power 10 m, 7. 5 active This unit should provide ~516 (488) Me. V acceleration beam loading. Need 12 (12) RF units. Cost 51. 7 a. u. , 4% more than optimum D. Schulte, CERN, October 2013 9

X-band RF power plant Gd. A_HG 2013_ICTP Trieste, June 3 - 6, 2013 10

Accelerating Structure 2 Coupl. 72 Cells 2 Regions for monitoring wakefields Gd. A_HG 2013_ICTP Trieste, June 3 - 6, 2013 11

Beam Compression X-band OFF 300 A X-band ON 600 A Bunch temporal profiles with and without X-band downstream BC 1, using a TDC@300 Me. V. Analysis on 50 shots Courtesy of S. Di Mitri Gd. A_HG 2013_ICTP Trieste, June 3 - 6, 2013 12

Present layout and proposed energy upgrade FERMI current layout and performance • Ebeam up to 1. 5 Ge. V • FEL-1 at 80 -10 nm and FEL-2 at 10 -4 nm • Seeded schemes • Long e-beam pulse (up to 700 fs), with “fresh bunch technique” Beam input energy ≥ 750 Me. V X-band energy upgrade • Space available for acceleration 40 m • Accelerating gradient @12 GHz 60 MV/m • X-band linac energy gain 2. 4 Ge. V • Injection energy. 75 Ge. V • Linac output energy 3. 15 Ge. V Gd. A_HG 2013_ICTP Trieste, June 3 - 6, 2013 FEL-1 & FEL-2 beamlines X-band linac extension Beam for a new FEL beamline l≤ 1 nm Operation with short bunch (< 100 fs) and low charge (< 100 p. C) ~50 m available 40 m (80%) available for acceleration 13

Small aperture linac, 2. 4 Ge. V, 40 m RF phase advance 2π/3 a/lambda 0. 118 d/h 0. 1 Pt 322 MW Ls 0. 833 m # klystrons 8 # structures 8 x 6 = 48 a 2. 95 mm d 0. 833 mm vg/c 2. 22 % tp 125 ns Qe 20700 Constant Impedance Accelerating Structure with input power coupler only Klystron RF load P C Pulse compressor Hybrid

Middle aperture linac, 2. 4 Ge. V, 40 m RF phase advance 2π/3 3π/4 a/lambda 0. 145 d/h 0. 1313 0. 1 Pt 401 MW Ls 1 m 1 m # klystrons 10 10 # structures 10 x 4 = 40 a 3. 62 mm d 1. 09 mm 0. 937 mm vg/c 3. 75 % 3. 29% tp 90 ns 102 ns Qe 18000 19000 Constant Impedance Accelerating Structure with input power coupler only Klystron RF load P C Pulse compressor Hybrid

Large aperture linac, 2. 4 Ge. V, 40 m RF phase advance 5π/6 a/lambda 0. 195 d/h 0. 183 Pt 602 MW Ls 1. 333 m # klystrons 15 # structures 15 x 2 = 30 a 4. 87 mm d 1. 90 mm vg/c 4. 425 % tp 101 ns Qe 18500 Constant Impedance Accelerating Structure with input power coupler only Klystron P C Pulse compressor RF load Hybrid

clic and xfel study group@sinap Meng Zhang, Chao Feng, Qiang Gu

FEL parameters – the baseline Parameters Value Unit Wavelength 0. 07 nm Energy 6. 0 Ge. V Normalized emittance 0. 4 mm. mrad Energy spread (sliced) 0. 01 % Peak current 3 k. A Pierce parameter ~2*10‐ 4 Peak power 4 Peak brightness >1*1032 3 D gain length <4 m Saturation length <80 m GW • Achievable normalized emittance is used for few hundred p. C beam. • A permanent magnet in‐ vacuum undulator with 15 mm period is used for the radiator • The radiator length is less than 80 m with the PMU and could be shorter with the cryo‐PMU

1 D tracking – schematic layout

Injector exit Before BC 1 After BC 1 Before BC 2 After BC 2 Linac exit • Baseline configuration • Compressing ratio = 12*8 • Double horn at the current profile and the none linear chirp at the energy profile are due to the x band linearizer and the wake from the TWS

Turkish FEL Projects and Proposals • Turkish Accelerator and Radiation in Ankara (TARLA) Project • SASE FEL Proposal based on X-band accelerating structure Avni AKSOY Ankara University Institute of Accelerator Technologies

TARLA facility at Institute of Accelerator Technologies of Ankara University n n n The institute which is only 2 years old is the first institute established as research in the fields of accelerators and related topics in Turkey TARLA project which is essentially one of the sub ‐project of national project Turkish Accelerator Center (TAC) has been coordinated by Ankara University since 2006. TARLA facility belongs to Institute of Accelerator Technologies of Ankara University (located in Gölbaşı), and it is supported by Ministery of Development

Time table for XFEL § The preparation phase, including • the Conceptual Design Report (1 Year) • the Technical Design Report (~3‐ 4 Years) Ø Ø the development of the RF gun and a klystron and 12 GHz test stand; § the construction of the injector (~2 years) § The construction of the X‐band acceleration section to 2. 5 Ge. V (~2 years) § the construction of the final stage of X‐band acceleration to 5 Ge. V. (~2 years) § installation of undulator section(s) (~2 years)

Conclusion § Turkey wants to fulfill the needs of accelerator and accelerator based technology inside country and its region within next 20 years. . § Therefore three different light source project/proposal within TAC scope is (going to be) supported step by step. . • Oscillator FEL (TARLA) under construction • Synchrotron Radiation based on 3 Ge. V ring (TDR phase) • SASE FEL project based on 5 Ge. V linac (CDR phase) § The support of CERN will be a big step towards our goals § We have a chanche to build SASE XFEL relatively cheaper by using x‐band structures. .