WWII The Rise of Dictators and the War

WWII The Rise of Dictators and the War Begins Chapter 13 Sections 1 & 2

Causes of WW II 5 The Rise of dictators 5 New ideas about government 5 The Great Depression 5 WW I and the failure of the Treaty of Versailles

Dictatorship in Italy 5 Benito Mussolini 5 Fascism: § Extreme Nationalism § Strong government § Wants to control Mediterranean Sea § Invades North Africa/Ethiopia AXIS POWER

Dictatorship in Germany 5 Adolf Hitler 5 Nazism § Advocates extreme nationalism § State control of industry § Superior Aryan race § Expand German territory & control Europe AXIS POWER

Dictatorship In Japan AXIS POWER 5 Led by Military § Extreme Nationalism § Aggressive military 5 Overpopulation & in need of natural resources 5 Invades Manchuria, China § Rich in natural resources 5 Wants Pacific Empire

Dictatorship In Russia 5 Josef Stalin 5 Communism § One party rule § No private property § Crush opposition 5 Signs Nazi-Soviet Non. Aggression Pact § Agree not to invade each other § Germany eventually violates Rise of nationalism DE 8 min Semi-neutral than Allied Power

Allied Powers in War 5 Britain France Poland 5 June 1941: Soviet Union/Russia 5 December 1941: United States 5 And the green countries (Make sure you memorize them all!)

WW II Aggression 51931: Japan invades Manchuria 51935: 1. Hitler denounced the Versailles Treaty & the League of Nations [re-arming!] 2. Mussolini attacks Ethiopia. 51936: German troops sent into the Rhineland. 51937: Japan invades China

WW II Aggression Continued 5 1938: 1. Austrian Anschluss – reunification with Germany. 2. Rome-Berlin Tokyo Pact [AXIS] 3. Munich Agreement APPEASEMENT! Gave Hitler Sudetenland, Czech 5 1939: 1. German troops march into the rest of Czechoslovakia. 2. Hitler-Stalin Non-Aggression Pact. 5 September 1, 1939: German troops march into Poland blitzkrieg WW II begins!!!

Foreign Policy Tensions in U. S. Internationalism • Trade prevents war with prosperity • FDR’s philosophy • U. S. should try to create peace DE american isolationism Neutrality • Isolationism • Nye Committee: Only reason for war is for arms industry to make money • Support Neutrality Acts

Neutrality Acts: 1935, 1936, 1937 5 During a foreign war, trade restrictions would apply: § Prohibited sales of arms to warring nations. § Prohibited loans and credits to warring nations. § Forbade Americans to travel on vessels of nations at war § Non-military goods must be purchased on a “cash-andcarry” basis pay when goods are picked up. § Banned involvement in the Spanish Civil War.

US Neutrality

1939 Neutrality Act 5 In response to Germany’s invasion of Poland. 5 FDR persuades Congress in special session to allow the US to aid European democracies in a limited way: § The US could sell weapons to the European democracies on a “cash-and-carry” basis. § FDR was authorized to proclaim danger zones which US ships and citizens could not enter. 5 Results of the 1939 Neutrality Act: § Aggressors could not send ships to buy US munitions. § The US economy improved as European demands for war goods helped bring the country out of the 1937 -38 recession. 5 America becomes the “Arsenal of Democracy. ”