WWII the Homefront Mr Turner Women Help with

WWII: the Homefront Mr. Turner

Women Help with the War Effort ● The war drastically changed the role of women in the US ● Over 6 million women entered the workforce ● Women did clerical work as well as “heavy industry” work in defense factories ● 200, 000 women joined the military in noncombat roles

“Rosie the Riveter”

African-Americans Demand Equal Treatment ● Government and military jobs remained segregated ● National defense employers hired few African-Americans ● Started the “Double V” campaign - victory abroad against fascism and victory at home against discrimination

FDR Responds ● FDR did not want to deal with Civil Rights during the war, however; ● A. Philip Randolph organized and threatened a march on Washington ● FDR issued Exec. Order 8802 - fair hiring practices and established the Fair Employment Practices Commission ● NAACP membership grew - set the course for Civil Rights campaigns in the future

Mexican Americans and WWII ● The US started the bracero program - brought Mexican workers to work on American farms ○ Brought several hundred thousand Mexican laborers to US ● Mexican-Americans faced discrimination ● Zoot suit Riots ○ ○ ○ Many Mexican-American youths wore zoot suits Mobs of off-duty sailors attacked the “zooters” “Zooters” were arrested rather than the sailors

Civil Liberties Challenged ● “Enemy aliens” had to register with the government ● German, Italian, and Japanese aliens were arrested or deported if deemed threats to US ● FDR eventually removed Germans and Italians from the enemy alien list ● However, Japanese Alien, and Japanese Americans were not removed

Japanese-Americans ● FDR issued Exec. Order 9066 in 1942 - created war zones where anyone may be removed for any reason ● Over 100, 000 Japanese immigrants and citizens were forced to move from the west coast ● The War Department created internment camps for people of Japanese heritage

Japanese-Americans ● Korematsu v. United States - Supreme Court upheld that wartime internment policy ● Certain civil liberties can be taken away during wartime ● 1988 - Citizens who had been interned were offered an apology and $20, 000

Supporting the War Effort ● Victory Gardens ● War Bonds ● Rationing ○ Oil, butter, tires, food ● Propaganda ○ Office of War Information worked with media to create support for the war ● Recycling ○ Metal, rubber, paper