WWII History418 Finish up the flo chart on

WWII

History-4/18 • Finish up the flo chart on Totalitarianism. • Use your book • 10 minutes

The Rise of Dictators: Joseph Stalin (1879 -1953) • After Lenin died in 1924, Joseph Stalin took over the Communist Party in the U. S. S. R. • Eliminated Leon Trotsky, his main rival. • Established a Totalitarian State or Dictatorship • Established a Command Economy: – Five Year Plans: Goal to increase output of steel, coal, electricity, and oil. • Eliminated his rivals during the Great Purge (1937 -1938). • Used secret police, censorship, indoctrination, and propaganda to maintain complete control.

The Rise of Fascism in Italy • Fascism-political movement – Loyalty to the State and Dictator (Nationalists) – One Party Rule – Militant – Authoritarian Rule – Wore certain clothing/symbols • Italy-Benito Mussolini established the Fascist Party • Charismatic leader who made promises • Marched on Rome in 1922 and was made dictator legally • Used censorship and secret police • Black Shirts-troopers • Controlled everything

History-4/16 • Tell me the word for each clue: • 1. Dictator, extreme nationalism, militant, one party rule • 2. Killed many people during the Great Purge • 3. Created the Five Year Plan • 4. Developed a philosophy for asking meaningful questions • 5. 1 st Emperor of Rome

The Rise of Nazism in Germany • National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) • Nazism-German form of Fascism (more racist) • Adolf Hitler-took control of the Nazi Party (became der Fuhrer) – Good Speaker – Good Organizer • Imprisoned in 1923 and wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) – Set Forth his Goals for Germany – German “Aryan Race” – Promised to regain lands

Adolf Hitler Takes Over Germany • Once out of prison, Hitler was elected Chancellor of Germany in 1933. • Turned Germany into a Totalitarian State and became the dictator of what he called The Third Reich. – Storm Troopers (Brown Shirts) – The SS (Hitler Protection Squad-Black Shirts) – Gestapo (Secret Police) – Propaganda, Censorship, Schools – Economy – Anti-Semitism-hatred of Jews – Swastika

History-4/17 • What political organization did Adolf Hitler join after WWI? • What book did he write in prison? • How did Hitler get complete control over Germany?

Japan Establishes a Pacific Empire • Weak democracy during the Depression • Japan was taken over by military leaders in the 1930 s. • Nationalists • Kept Emperor Hirohito as the head of state • Militarists planned to expand create an empire • Use others’ resources, materials, and land. • Seized Manchuria in 1931 (against the League of Nations) • 1937 -took northern China including the capital, Nanjing. • By 1940, most of Asia had been conquered by Japan.

The Axis Powers Expand • Axis Powers: Germ, Italy, Japan: – Germany: The Rhineland (1936), Austria and the Sudetenland (1938), Czechoslovakia (1939), Poland (1939 -WWII Begins) – Third Reich-new German Empire – Non-Aggression Pact: Germany w/ the Soviet Union (1939) – Munich Conference (1938): Britain and France used Appeasement to avoid war. – Italy: Ethiopia (1935), Albania (1939) – Japan: Manchuria (1931), China (1937)

History-4/20 • What did Japan start doing in the early 1930 s around Asia and the Pacific? • What events led to the Munich Conference in 1938? • What policy was used at the Munich Conference in 1938? • What 3 countries made up the Axis Powers during WWII?

WWII Begins • September 1, 1939 -Nazi Germany invaded Poland • Blitzkrieg (“Lightning War”)military tactic that uses planes and tanks to quickly conquer. • Britain and France declared war • By June 1940, Germany had conquered France • The Battle of Britain (19401941)-the Nazi Air Force (The Luftwaffe) bombed London • Winston Churchill-British Prime Minister refused to surrender to Germany.

The United States Enters After Pearl Harbor • By 1941, Japan’s Empire started to reach into European colonies in Southeast Asia • The U. S. cut off oil supply to Japan and sent aid to Asia • Isoroku Yamamoto-Japan’s greatest naval commander called for an attack on Hawaii • Hawaii was a crucial base • December 7, 1941 -Japanese airplanes attacked Pearl Harbor – – Sunk 19 ships More than 2, 300 killed Over 1, 100 wounded U. S. Declared War

History-4/21 • What military strategy did the Nazis use in the beginning of WWII? • Why was winning the Battle of Britain important for the Allies? • What were 2 reasons behind the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?

WWII Fought on Multiple Fronts • European Theatre: – Western Front: France, Great Britain, Belgium, Germany (Allies v. Germany & Italy) – Eastern Front: Hitler invaded the Soviet Union in 1941 (Germ v. Soviets) • North Africa: Mussolini and Hitler invaded in 1940 for control of the Suez Canal and oil fields (Allies v. Germany & Italy) • Pacific Theatre: Japan v. Allies for control of Asia.

The Pacific Theater • After Pearl Harbor, the U. S. launched attacks in the Pacific. • Battle of Midway (1942)Naval battle that turned the tide of the war in the Pacific for the Allies defeating Japan. • Island Hopping-U. S. military strategy in the Pacific led by General Douglas Mac. Arthur. • Famous Island Battles: – Guadalcanal (1942 -43)Americans took a major airstrip the Japanese had built & ensured Australia’s safety – Iwo Jima (1945)-small island south of Japan that Americans took to use its 2 air fields.

The North Africa Campaign • Battle of El-Alamein (1942)Primarily a tank battle fought in Egypt btw. Britain and Germany ending in an Allied victory (turning point in North Africa) • Erwin Rommel- “The Desert Fox; ” commander of the Nazi forces in North Africa. • The British pushed the Germans back in Egypt • The U. S. helped by launching an invasion into Morocco in November 1942 (Operation Torch). • By 1943, the Nazis had retreated into Italy.

The European Theater • The Soviet Union was invaded by the Nazis in 1941. • Battle of Stalingrad (19421943)-Soviet forces turned the Nazis back with the help of winter. (Turning Pt. in the East) • D-Day (June 6, 1944)-Allied invasion into Normandy, France (largest land/sea attack in history)-created a two front war (Turning Pt. in the West) • Allies led by American General Dwight D. Eisenhower • Battle of the Bulge (19441945)-last effort from the Nazis to win the war, but they were pushed back by the Allies led by General George Patton.

The End of the WWII • 1945 -The Nazis were surrounded by the Allies after the Battle of the Bulge • Italy was taken and Mussolini killed (April 27, 1945) • Hitler committed suicide (April 30, 1945). • V-E Day-May 9, 1945 -Germany surrendered • Nuremberg Trials (1945 -1946) -Nazis punished for Holocaust • The Manhattan Projectcreated two atomic bombs that were dropped on Japan: – Hiroshima (August 6 th) – Nagasaki (August 9 th) – This ended WWII

WWII Aftermath • Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945): Country Cost of War Military Civilians Killed/Miss Killed ing $288 Billion 292, 131 0 $117 Billion 272, 311 60, 595 France $111. 3 Billion 205, 707 173, 260 USSR $93 Billion 13, 600, 000 7, 720, 000 – Churchill, Roosevelt, & Stalin met U. S. – Decided to divide Germany into four occupied zones – Stalin promised free elections Britain in Eastern Europe • Potsdam Conference (July 1945): – Churchill, Truman, and Stalin met – Re-affirmed the division of Germany and Berlin into 4 occupied zones by the Allies – Issued Japan an ultimatum • United Nations-International Peace Organization (June 1945) Germany $212. 3 Billion 3, 300, 000 2, 893, 000 Japan 1, 140, 429 953, 000 $41. 3 Billion

History-4/28: Explain why Germany looked this way after WWII

The Holocaust • Hitler claimed that the Aryan race was the “master race. ” • Jews were seen as inferior • Nuremberg Laws-deprived Jews of certain rights like citizenship • After Kristallnacht, Jews were rounded up around Europe by the SS. • Placed in ghettos, concentration camps, or death camps • 1941 -His plan was called the “Final Solution. ” – Exterminate the entire Jewish race (genocide) – Heinrich Himmler was the chief architect • Worked to death, starved, murdered • Six million Jews were killed • Israel was established afterwards as a homeland for Jews.

Hitler with his High Command

Holocaust Images

Holocaust Images

History-4/27 • What was Hitler’s Final Solution for solving all of Germany’s problems? • Name 2 turning point battles in WWII • Why was D-Day such an important battle for the Allies? • What ended the war in Europe? • What ended the war in the Pacific?