WWII Axis Powers Germany Japan Italy Allied Powers

WWII

Axis Powers Germany Japan Italy

Allied Powers France Britain China Russia? United States?

Hitler on the Move � Hitler annexes Austria � Hitler invades the Rhineland � Hitler invades the Sudetenland � Hitler invades Czechoslovakia � France and Britain refuse to act ◦ Promise Poland that if Germany invades they will come to their aid

Italy Invades Ethiopia October, 1935

1937

Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression Pact August 23, 1939

Invasion of Poland -Blitzkrieg “Lightning Warfare” September 1, 1939 VS

Invasion of Poland

Invasion of France June, 1940

� France and England declare war on Germany: Set up defense instead of attacking

Miracle at Dunkirk June 3, 1940

Battle of Britain 1940 -41 � Germany attempts to invade the British Isle (operation sea lion) � Turns Luftwaffe loose � British cities heavily bombed � Citizens take cover in subway tunnels � Protected by radar

Buzz Bomb

Operation Barbarossa June, 1941 3, 000 troops invade Russia

Attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941

Attack on Pearl Harbor Patrol ship spots a periscope outside of the US Naval Base… � Japanese planes use Honolulu radio station’s music as a guiding beam to their targets � A destroyer sinks the submarine outside Pearl Harbor…command ignores the report � Radar station spots 50 aircraft heading towards Pearl Harbor � “Well, don’t worry about it” – radio network command � 7: 30 AM – FDR sends warning to Pearl Harbor as Japanese negotiators have been told to break off talks � 11: 45 – message comes via telegraph as static blacks out communications �

Attack on Pearl Harbor � Japanese Attack Force – 49 high-altitude bombers, 51 divebombers, 40 torpedo planes, 43 fighter planes � 7: 49 AM – the attack begins � USS Virginia – Sailors trapped until December 23 � USS California – will sink December 10 � Planes parked wingtip to wingtip � 8: 00 am – American B -17 are in route to Pearl Harbor – some land at a Golf Course

Attack on Pearl Harbor � USS Arizona explodes – Kill 1, 177 � 9: 00 AM – second wave of Japanese bombers attack ◦ 35 fighters, 78 divebombers – 54 highaltitude bombers � Only 3 ships sunk or damaged at Pearl Harbor will sail again � Death Total – 2, 390 � 44 Months of war to follow – the US will sink every one of the carriers, battleships, and cruisers used against Pearl Harbor

Europe 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Invasion of Poland Invasion of France Miracle at Dunkirk Battle of Britain Operation Barbarossa Pacific 1. Invasion of China 2. Attack on Pearl Harbor

Bataan Death March April 9, 1942 The 60 mile march was characterized by wide-ranging physical abuse and murder, and resulted in very high fatalities inflicted upon prisoners and civilians alike by the Japanese Army

Doolittle Raids April 18, 1942 “The Japanese people had been told they were invulnerable. . . An attack on the Japanese homeland would cause confusion in the minds of the Japanese people and sow doubt about the reliability of their leaders. There was a second, and equally important, psychological reason for this attack. . . Americans badly needed a morale boost. ”

Battle of the Coral Sea May 7 -8, 1942 The battle was the first fleet action in which aircraft carriers engaged each other. It was also the first naval battle in history in which neither side's ships sighted or fired directly upon the other.

Battle of Midway June 4 – 7, 1942 “The most stunning and decisive blow in the history of naval warfare. “ Destroyed 4 Japanese Aircraft Carriers.

North Africa or France: The Casablanca Question

Second Battle of El Alamein The Allied victory turned the tide in the North African Campaign. It ended Axis hopes of occupying Egypt, taking control of the Suez Canal, and gaining access to the Middle Eastern oil fields George S Patton vs Bernard Montgomery and the race to Rome October 23, 1942

Battle of Stalingrad July 17, 1942 – February 2, 1943 It is the largest battle on the Eastern Front and was marked by its brutality and disregard for military and civilian causalities. It is among the bloodiest battles in the history of warfare with the higher estimates of combined casualties amounting to nearly two million

Battle of Guadalcanal August 7, 1942 – February 9, 1943 Guadalcanal marked the transition by the Allies from defensive operations to the strategic offensive in the Pacific Theater ISLAND HOPPING

Battle of Kursk July, 1943 Involved as many as 6, 000 tanks, 30, 000 artillery pieces, 4, 000 aircraft and 2 million fighting men and is remembered as the greatest tank battle in history

Teheran Conference

Invasion of Normandy June 6, 1944

Invasion of Normandy Code Name: Operation Overlord Nick Name: The longest day It was the largest amphibious operation in history.

Operation Market Garden 17– 25 September 1944 -Offensive Operation by the Allies -Fought in Netherlands and Germany -Goal: Acquire access into heart of Germany -Failure: Poor reconnaissance on enemy troop locations -Roads were to narrow for tanks and supplies to reach soldiers behind enemy lines.

Battle of the Bulge December 16, 1944 – January 25, 1945 -Deadliest battle for Americans in War -Fought in Dead of Winter -Last ditch effort by Hitler to stop Allied Advance -Allies Suffer 89, 000 casualties and 19, 000 -101 st Airborne hold off attack for Patton at Bastogne

Dresden Fire-bombing February, 1945 -3, 600 planes -1, 300 were heavy bombers -3, 900 tons of incendiary bombs dropped on civilian town of Dresden (About 8 Million Pounds) -Levels 15 square miles -Kills 25, 000 Civilians

Battle of Iwo Jima February 19, 1945 – March 26, 1945 Iwo Jima, which means Sulfur Island, was strategically important as an air base for fighter escorts supporting long-range bombing missions against mainland Japan

V-E Day May 7, 1945

Battle of Okinawa April 1, 1945 – June 21, 1945 The battle resulted in the highest number of casualties in the Pacific Theater during World War II. Japan lost over 100, 000 troops killed, captured or committed suicide, and the Allies suffered more than 65, 000 casualties of all kinds.

Battle of Okinawa: Kamikaze

Success: Manhattan Project � Urged by Einstein letter � Atomic bomb tested in NM � Dr. Robert Oppenheimer heads development. � Moral dilemma for Truman ◦ Drop bomb or alternate plan? in

Oak Ridge, TN.

Invasion of Japan Codename: Operation Downfall Presumed Casualties: 200, 000 for 1 month of fighting

Nagasaki and Hiroshima � 2 atomic bombs are dropped over Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Little Boy (L) and Fat Man (R)

War ends in the Pacific VJ Day: August 15 th 1945 Day that Japan Surrenders

Cordell Hull � Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1945 for his role in establishing the United Nations, and was referred to by President Roosevelt as the "Father of the United Nations".