WWII 1939 1945 Key People Hitler Germany Mussolini

WWII 1939 -1945

Key People Hitler (Germany) Mussolini (Italy) Hideki Tojo (Japan) Emperor Hirohito (Japan) De Gaulle (France) Roosevelt (US) Churchill (Great Britain) Stalin (Soviet Union)

Hitler and Mussolini

Countries/Alliances Axis Powers- Germany, Italy, and Japan Allied Powers- Originally Britain, France, and China; later joined by US and USSR

Vocabulary Fascism Appeasement Blitz Genocide Concentration Camp Holocaust

Long-term Causes MAIN WWI/ Treaty of Versailles Worldwide Economic Depression Rise of Fascism Weak League of Nations Munich Pact Appeasement

Worldwide Economic Depression

Immediate Causes Japan invaded China Italy invaded Ethiopia German Aggression in Europe Appeasement Germany invades Poland

Aggression of Fascist Nations Source: Herblock, May 13, 1941 (adapted)

Japanese Invade Manchuria, 1931

Italy Invades Ethiopia in 1935 “It is us today. Tomorrow it will be you…. God and history will remember your judgment. ”Haile Selassie

Japanese Invade China, 1937

Germany invades Czechoslovakia

“We will have peace in our time”~British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain after negotiating peace with Hitler gets to keep all the countries in Europe he took over as long as he promises not to invade anymore countries Munich Pact

Cartoon about Munich Pact

Appeasement

Spineless Democracies

Kristallnacht Night of the Broken Glass November 9, 1938 Jewish owned stores, synagogues, homes were looted and burned by Nazi storm troopers as they shouted “Death to the Jews” and “Revenge for Paris”

Germany invades Poland WWII begins!!!!

London Blitz

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Hitler signs an agreement with Stalin not to touch the Soviet Union invades Soviet Union in 1941 (Operation Barbarossa)

Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

US declares war December 7 th- “a day that will live in infamy” Pres. Roosevelt declared war on Japan on Dec. 8 1941.

Kamikaze Pilots (suicide pilots)

Bataan Death March

Unit 731: Nightmare in Manchuria The Rape of Nanking and The Forgotten Holocaust

D Day- June 6, 1944

VE Day- May 8, 1945

Immediate Effects Hitler and common law wife commit suicide Mussolini and mistress Clareta Petacci are hung in Milan

Holocaust exposed

Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki US bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan In total, 110, 000 killed immediately; 100, 000’s would die in the years to follow of cancer and radiation poisoning

VJ Day- September 2, 1945 Japan surrenders agrees to dismantle its military and become a democracy

Occupation of Japan The US occupied Japan until 1952. A Constitutional Monarchy was established. The Japanese Constitution set up a parliament, The Diet, and protected civil liberties. Japan lost its overseas empire

Creation of the UN United Nations. International organization with member nations whose goal is to promote world peace Founded October 24, 1945

Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. . Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. . Article 19: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. . — The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

“Never Again” See Upfront, March 16, 2009 - Op-ed piece - “Never Again, For Real”

Nuremberg Trials War crime trials held in Nuremburg after World War II to try the surviving Nazis concerning the Holocaust, aggressive war making, and mistreatment of prisoners among other things.

Occupation of Germany was occupied by the Allied forces after WWII. Britain, France, and the US occupied West Germany and the Soviet Union occupied East Germany

Democracy in West Germany With the help of the West, Germany’s armed forces were disbanded, a democratic constitution was written, the Nazi Party was outlawed and Nazi war criminals were put on trial.

Creation of the State of Israel “. . . The Nazi holocaust, which engulfed millions of Jews in Europe, proved anew the urgency of the re-establishment of the Jewish state, which would solve the problem of Jewish homelessness by opening the gates to all Jews and lifting the Jewish people to equality in the family of nations. . ” (Zionism)

Beginning of Cold War US -VS- Soviet Union

Long-term Effects Mideast Peace Crisis Cold War Arms Race Space Race Colonial Independence Movements

Space Race

Arms Race Source: Ellis and Esler, World History: Connections to Today, Prentice Hall, 2001 (adapted)

Capitalism v Communism Source: Student Artwork: Shaneekwa Miller, Fashion Industries High School (adapted)

Colonial Independence Movements and the Collapse of Imperialism Independence movements in colonies of the European powers gained momentum after WWII. Examples include India, Vietnam, and Rwanda. Some former colonies adopted communism as they blamed the West for their problematic history, thereby siding with the Soviet Union. Some sided with the US because they needed help to rebuild, and some, like India, followed a policy of non-alignment ( form no alliances).

Connections to Today Age of Terrorism Global Warming

Global Warming Source: Dan Wasserman, Tribune Media Services, Inc

Terrorism Source: John Trever, Albuquerque Journal, Sept. 2001, adapted