WRRI NARC Islamabad March 24 th 2005 PARCICIMOD
WRRI, NARC, Islamabad. March 24 th, 2005
PARC-ICIMOD Partnership • 1992 – An in-formal collaboration was initiated between PARC and ICIMOD • 1994 – A first formal collaboration was started in the field of GIS between PARC and ICIMOD • 2002 – PARC - ICIMOD started a formal project on “Glaciers, Glacier Lakes and GLOF Outbursts in HKH region of Pakistan ”.
Pakistan
Glaciers in Hindu Kush-Himalaya-Karakoram Region Drainage Basin Mapam Yumco Lake (Mansharovar Lake) Ganga River No. of Glaciers 48 6694 Total area (Km 2) Total Ice Reserves (Km 3) 66. 51 4. 3592 16676. 89 1971. 4876 6579. 44 600. 3341 Yarlung Zangbo River (Barmhaputera River) 4366 Indus River 5057 8925. 96 850. 3704 Sutlej River 1900 2860. 82 307. 9283 18065 35109. 62 3734. 4796 Total Source: Map of Glacier Resources in the Himalayas, Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China, 1999
Mosaic of Landsat-7 ETM+ Quick Looks (2000 -2001) Path 148 -151 Row 34 -36 Gilgit Hunza Chitral Shigar Shyok Swat Indus Astor Jhelum Shingo Mosaic of northern glaciated region of Pakistan.
Study and acquisition of Literature Topographic maps Reports Satellite images Maps Quick view IRS Landsat-7 ETM+ Inventory of glaciers and glacial lakes Attribute database development Analysis and identification of potentially dangerous lakes FINAL REPORT/ CD Transfer of methodology Dissemination of results (Workshop/Seminar/ Conferences) Capturing digital database of glaciers and glacial lakes from the map and satellite images
Glaciers
Mountain Glaciers Valley Glaciers
A large Valley Glacier
Avalanches in the Mountainous areas bring heavy loads of snow downstream
Materials Topographic maps 1: 50, 000 Survey of Pakistan 1960 s to 70 s (not available for use) 1: 250, 000 Survey of Pakistan, 1960 s (available but no detail projection parameter) 1: 500, 000 National Imagery Mapping Agency and Defense Mapping Agency of US (1996, NIMA map) Aerial photographs Satellite images not available for use Landsat-7 ETM+
Methodology Mapping and Inventory of Glaciers is based on Muller et al. 1977 World Glacier Inventory (WGI), Temporary Technical Secretary (TTS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich And ICIMOD 2001 Inventory of glaciers and glacial lakes of Nepal and Bhutan
Registration of snow and ice masses • • • Numbering of glaciers Spatial distribution Area of the glacier Length of the glacier Elevation of tongue and crown of the glaciers • Orientation of the glacier • Thickness of the glacier • Ice reserve • Activity of glaciers • Morphological classification
Glacier Inventory of ----- River Basin Total number: ------ Total area: ----- Km 2 Ice Reserves: ----- Km 3 A B C D E F G H I Area Mean Orient. Classifi (m 2) length Accum. Abla. cation (m) J K L Type Ice thickn ess (m) Ice Reser. (km 3) Glacier Long. No. Name Lat. Ice Thickness = – 11. 32 + 53. 21 F 0. 3 (F= glacial area) Ice Reserve=(Mean Ice Thickness) x (Glacial Area)
Glaciers of River Basins Studied
Summary of glacier inventory Basins Basin Area Glaciated No. of (Km 2) area Glaciers (Km 2) Total Length (Km) Ice Reserves (Km 3) Swat 14656 223. 55 233 330 12. 22 Chitral 15322 1903. 67 542 1416 258. 82 Gilgit 14082 968. 10 585 1185 83. 35 Hunza 16389 4677. 34 1050 2915 808. 79 Shigar 7382 2240. 08 194 829 581. 27 Shyok 10235 3547. 84 372 1093 891. 80 Indus 32571 688. 00 1098 1042 46. 38 Shingo 4680 36. 91 172 100 1. 01 Astor 4214 607. 03 588 549 47. 93 Jhelum 9198 148. 18 384 258 6. 94 128730. 8 15040. 70 5218 9718 2738. 51 Total
Glacial Lakes
Inventory of Glacial Lakes of ------ River Basin Total number: ---- Total area: ------ km 2 A B C D E F Lake No. Lake Name Lat. Long. Area (m 2) G H I Mean Distance Associated Orient Length to Glacier ation (m) glacier number (m) J K Drainage Condition Lake Type
Glacial Lakes of River Basins Studied
Types of glacial lakes Basins Blocked Cirque End Moraine Lateral Moraine Erosion Supraglacial Valley Total Swat 3 12 37 4 144 1 54 255 Chitral 4 8 19 14 70 20 52 187 Gilgit 2 53 100 49 283 2 125 614 Hunza 4 - 4 3 20 55 24 110 Shigar 21 - - 1 - 30 2 54 Shyok 4 2 12 3 26 11 8 66 Indus 3 53 98 62 228 73 57 574 Shingo 1 25 24 3 141 3 41 238 Astor 8 29 4 3 42 1 39 126 Jhelum 1 43 24 7 110 196 51 225 322 149 1064 197 412 2420 Total
Potentially Dangerous Glacial Lakes
Major and Potentially Dangerous Glacial Lakes Number of lakes Basins Total Lake Area (km 2) Dangerous Major Largest lake (km 2) Swat 255 163 2 15. 86 0. 81 Chitral 187 70 1 9. 37 1. 86 Gilgit 614 380 8 39. 17 2. 72 Hunza 110 47 1 3. 22 0. 29 Shigar 54 11 - 1. 09 0. 24 Shyok 66 31 6 2. 68 0. 27 Indus 574 328 15 26. 06 1. 35 Shingo 238 139 5 11. 59 1. 36 Astor 126 64 9 5. 53 0. 54 Jhelum 196 95 5 11. 79 1. 04 2420 1328 52 126. 35 Total
Conclusions- I v. Total number of Glaciers………. 5, 218 v. Total glaciated area. . . . 15041 Km 2 v. Est. Ice Reserves. . ………………. 2, 738 Km 3 v. Glacial Lakes…………. 2, 420 v. Major Lakes…………. . 1, 328 v. Potentially Dangerous Lakes…. . . 52 Continued……
Conclusion-II v. Maximum glaciers are on northern aspects v. Maximum glacial lakes are in Gilgit and Indus River Basins v. Most of the potentially dangerous lakes are in the southern basins
Indus Basin www. icimod-gis. net/web/glof. php
Forest Dangerous Lakes Agriculture Grass Land Bare Ground Water Snow Shadow/Clouds
Dangerous Lakes
Future Perspectives
What next? • Complete inventory and development of a spatial and attribute digital database using reliable medium- to large- scale (1: 50, 000 to 1: 10, 000) topographic maps and RS data. • Identify and monitor PDGL using temporal high resolution RS data, and a multi-disciplinary professional team, overflight observation and field surveys. • Establish physical monitoring systems around the potentially dangerous glacial lakes and along the corridors downstream. • Develop an Early Warning System with necessary instrumentation at glacial lakes of concern and downstream to minimize the impacts of GLOF Cont. . .
• Carry out necessary mitigation works in the glacial lakes of concern to avoid the possible GLOF. • Regional cooperation and interaction among all relevant organizations/institutions/agencies within and outside the Hindu Kush-Himalayan-Karakoram Region. • Dissemination of scientific findings of detailed studies, practical experiences, mitigation activities, and promote preparedness for possible disasters arising from GLOF events. • Bring about awareness amongst policymakers and the public in general.
Potential Future Applications Provides a baseline information for v Global climate change studies v Planning for water Resources v Biodiversity and environmental studies v Infrastructure development v Hazard mitigation v Irrigated agricultural planning for food security for poverty reduction. . etc.
Future Initiatives • Mountain Area Conservancy Fund • Italian initiative on the “Regional Decision Support System for National Park Management in the Hindu Kush-Karakoram-Himalayan Region”. . . Ev, K 2 CNR, IUCN, ICIMOD, CESVI and Italian Government • Flood Protection Sector Project-I. . . SAMFIL and SOBEK • Geoinformatics for Watershed Management in the Hindu Kush Himalayas. . . ILWIS, DUFLOW, HEC-RAS, etc.
Thank you drroohi_gis@yahoo. com
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