Writing Poetry with Figurative Language ANAPHORA is a

Writing Poetry with Figurative Language

ANAPHORA � is a stylistic device that consists of repeating a sequence of words at the beginnings of neighboring clauses to give them emphasis. This rhetorical device is contrasted with epiphora, also called epistrophe, which consists of repeating words at the end of clauses.

Example: �In time the savage bull sustains the yoke, In time all haggard hawks will stoop to lure, In time small wedges cleave the hardest oak, In time the flint is pierced with softest shower. Thomas Kyd, The Spanish Tragedy, I, vi. 3

ALLITERATION �The repetition of usually initial consonant sound in two or more neigh boring words or syllables. EXAMPLE: �The wild and woolly walrus waits and wonders when we’ll walk by.

APOSTROPHE �A speech given to an inanimate object , an idea, or someone who is dead �Jane Taylor uses apostrophe in the well- known nursery rhyme “The Star”: �“Twinkle, twinkle, little star, �How I wonder what you are. �Up above the world so high, �Like a diamond in the sky. ”d.

ASSONANCE �A resemblance of sound in words or syllables. EXAMPLE: �Holy and stony and fleet sweet by sleeping geese.

CATAPHORA �refers to a figure of speech where an earlier expression refers to or describes a forward expression. Cataphora is the opposite of anaphora, a reference forward as opposed to backward in the discourse.

EXAMPLE If you want them, there are cookies in the kitchen. (them is an instance of cataphora because it refers to cookies which hasn't been mentioned in the discourse prior to that point. )

CLICHE �A word or phrase that ha become overly familiar or commonplace. EXAMPLE: �No pain , no gain

EUPHEMISM � is used to express a mild, indirect, or vague term to substitute for a harsh, blunt, or offensive term. Euphemism is often contrasted with dysphemism. Some euphemisms intend to amuse, while others intend to give positive appearances to negative events or even mislead entirely Example: �Going to the other side for death,

HYPERBOLE �Big exaggeration, usually with humour. EXAMPLE: �Mile-high ice-cream cones

IDIOM �The language peculiar to a group of people. EXAMPLE: �She sings at the top of her lungs.

LILOTES � is a figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite

EXAMPLE: �He's not a very generous man. She is not very beautiful. He is not the friendliest person I 've met. Don't be too wicked. It won't be an easy trip He is not unaware of his wife's foolishness

METAPHOR �Comparing two things by using one kind of object or using in place of another to suggest the likeness between them. EXAMPLE: �Her hair was silk.

ONOMATOPOEIA �Imitating the sound associated by a thing. EXAMPLE: �Buzz, hiss, roar, woof

PERSONIFICATION �Giving something human qualities. EXAMPLE: �The stuffed bear smiled as the little boy hugged him close.

SIMILE �A figure of speech comparing two unlike things that is often introduced by like or as. EXAMPLE: �The sun is like a yellow ball of fire in the sky.

OXYMORON �Combine incongrous contradictory terms. Example: �Dark light �Living dead �Open secret �Virtual, Reality or

METONYMY �A thing or concept is not called by its own name but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept. Example: �Dish �Hollywood

SYNECHDOCHE �Is a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole or the whole of something. Example: �A hundred head of castle. �The Good Book

Idioms Are ideas , or expressions, forming an integral part of any language in literature as they explain different situations using minimum phrases. Help a language to attain a high degree of sophistication and can add spice to oral and written communication.

Examples �Straight from the horse mouth – to get news or information directly from the person who knows about it. �To have too much on one’s plate – to have too much work to do. �Ballpark number/ figure – rough estimate ; inaccurate count.

�Jack-of-all-trades – someone with many things. �To speak up – to be frank �Hard shell – an aggressive sales pitch; a forceful persuasion. �Finding in your feet - to gain self confidence in what you are doing.

�To work like a dog – to work hard � to wage a lost crusade – to engage in hopeless fight or battle. �To make a slip of tongue – to make an unintentional utterances ; to say something inadvertently. �To gain ground – to get wider acceptance.

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