WRITING PARAGRAPH SUMMARIZING ESSAY WRITING PARAGRAPH SUMMARIZING TIPS

WRITING ØPARAGRAPH SUMMARIZING ØESSAY WRITING

PARAGRAPH SUMMARIZING TIPS • Data- Arranged logically or chronologically and linked to each other • First paragraph – Introduction • Middle paragraph – Supports information, examples, references, sources, facts and researches • Last paragraph – Conclusion, any future prediction, any contrary fact or idea, central idea (very important to read last paragraph as sometimes last paragraph is totally opposite to the previous paragraph)

PARAGRAPH SUMMARIZING TIPS • Summarize the content in about 30 -40 words only( Don’t exceed more than 50 words) • Use one sentence only. • Capitalize the first words and nouns • Correct grammar including Spellings and Plurals. • Concentrate on the topic sentence and repeated words.

PARAGRAPH SUMMARIZING TIPS • No examples, reasons and illustrations. • Summary must be written in third person form. Don’t use I, We… etc. • Summarize each paragraph first, pick the key words and key lines to construct and single sentence. • Time management – 3 min Planning, 5 min writing, 2 min checking for mistakes(spelling, grammar). • Concentrate on the last paragraph as it summarizes the whole content

GRADING CRITERIA- CONTENT • 2 - Provides a good summary of the text. All relevant aspects mentioned. • 1 - Provides a fair summary of the text but misses one or two aspects. • 0 - Omits or misrepresents the main aspects of the text

GRADING CRITERIA- SENTENCE FORMATION • 1 - written in single, complete sentence • 0 - written in one single, complete sentence however contains less than 5 or more than 75 words with excessive use of capital letters.

GRADING CRITERIA- GRAMMAR • 2 - Correct grammatical structure • 1 - Contains grammatical errors but with no hindrance to key message • 0 - Ineffective

GRADING CRITERIA- VOCABULARY • 2 - Has appropriate choices of words • 1 - Contains spelling errors, but with no hindrance to key message • 0 -Has defective word choice which could hinder communication

MAIN STRATEGIES • Scanning (Identifying the keywords ) • Skimming (understanding the content )

SCANNING • Repeated words • Use the original word. Do not use the synonyms • Never include examples or explanations

SKIMMING • Main idea • Identify the topic sentence of each paragraph

COMMON PATTERN OF SUMMARIES • Similar ideas • Contradictory ideas • Cause and effects

SIMILAR IDEA SUMMARY Conjunction used are : And Moreover In addition Furthermore For example : - I must wash the dishes. Jamie must put them away I must wash the dishes, and Jamie must put them away (put the coma before the conjunction for joining two independent sentences

CONTRADICTORY IDEA SUMMARY Conjunction used are : - • • • But However While Although, Though, even though Despite, inspite of For example: We flew to Miami to catch a cruise ship. Our plane was late. We flew to Miami to catch a cruise ship, but our plane was late (combining two independent clause requires a comma)

CAUSE AND EFFECT SUMMARY Conjunction used are : - • So • As • Therefore, thus, hence, because of, due to { , so} {as, because of, due to - no comma} { therefore, thus, hence- ; , } Rita did not come to the party. She was tired. Rita did not come to the party because she was tired.

COMMA CONJUNCTION RULES • , Independent clause independent clause Max was alone. His friends went to the party. Max was alone because his friends went to the party • Dependent clause , independent clause Since his friends went to the party, Max was alone. • Independent clause Max was alone since his friends went to the party

EXERCISE • I only made coffee since you already had breakfast. • Since you already had breakfast I only made coffee • She missed her train. She was late • After Jane came from office we went for a movie • Although Jane was a great English teacher she couldn’t change the light bulb safely

SOLUTION • • • I only made coffee since you already had breakfast. (independent +dependent no , ) Since you already had breakfast, I only made coffee(dependent , independent) She missed her train, as She was late(independent, independent) After jane came from office, we went for a movie. (dependent , independent) Although Jane was a great English teacher, she couldn’t change the light bulb safely (dependent , independent) https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=GHnl 1 O 3 NGJk

APPOSITIVE RULE • An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun beside it. The appositive can be a short or long combination of words • For eg : My sister got the scholarship, will go to Oxford. My sister, who got the scholarship, will go to Oxford.

EXERCISE • My mom is a nurse. She drives a red car. • The boy painted this picture. His name is David. • Cheena had a litter of eight kittens. She is my cat. • The capital of China is Beijing. It is a vibrant city. • Suzi is a gracious loser. She shook her opponents hand at the end of the match.

SOLUTIONS • My mom, who is a nurse, drives a red car. • The boy, who painted this picture, is David. • Cheena , who had a litter of eight kittens, is my cat. • The capital of China, Beijing, is a vibrant city. • Suzi, a gracious loser, shook her opponents hand at the end of the match.

ESSAY WRITING ( SCORING) CONTENT : 3 Adequately deals with the prompt. 2 Deal with the prompt, but does not deal with one minor aspect 1 Deals with the prompt, but omits a major aspect or more than one minor aspect. 0 Does not deal properly with the prompt.

LOGICAL STRUCTURE • Introduction • Body Paragraphs 2 -3 • Conclusion

ESSAY WRITING-INTRODUCTION Do’s Don’ts Use Keywords – First sentence based on those key words. Paraphrase the prompt ( rephrase Do not mention any example, it in your own words) effect or solution in the introduction. Give answer to the prompt question in next sentence

ESSAY WRITING-BODY PARAGRAPHS Do’s Don’ts ØShould be 2 -3 paragraphs ØSupport the opinion mentioned in the introduction ØDon’t go against your own opinion ØConsistency with the idea ØAvoid Vagueness ØDescribe the idea ØSupport your opinion with example, don’t write so many examples ØWhile writing 2 aspects such as causes and effects, advantages and disadvantages, better to write in different paragraphs to avoid ambiguity ØNo learnt sentences, don’t write any sentence which is not related to your prompt. For eg, Describing causes when effects and solutions are asked.

ESSAY WRITING-CONCLUSION • Short and central idea of the essay • Any future implication of the trend your essay was based on. • Do not add any different idea from essay in conclusion on however solution to any problem can be written • Agree with your opinion you gave in introduction

REVIEW • Correct spellings, grammar and punctuations • Begin a sentence with a capital letter. • Deal with the prompt • Importance of vocabulary • No repetition of words • Variety of simple sentences, avoid using difficult words. • 270 -290 words