Writing Academic Papers Using Citations References Avoiding Plagiarism

Writing Academic Papers Using Citations & References Avoiding Plagiarism Introduction to Academic English IAE Course 1 Stiner, Slocombe, & Shanthi T.

1. What are citations? 2. What is a reference list? 3. Why are they used in academic writing? IAE Course 2 Stiner, Slocombe, & Shanthi T.

Differences between Citations & References Talk with your partner & put the boxes in the correct column. detailed last page of the research paper short information has (parenthesis) gives the website link where the info comes marks from type of source like a book or newspaper written in the body of the paper list of the sources used in the paper (author’s name and date of research) Citations IAE Course References 3 T. & Alastair Ross. T. Stiner, Shanti Slocombe, & Shanthi

1. Why are Citations Necessary? Because they: 1. give credit to the original writer 2. prove that you read about the subject 3. document your research sources Ø Ø IAE Course books magazines & newspapers on-line articles (websites) journals 4 Stiner, Slocombe, & Shanthi T.

2. Various Citation Styles Depends on the College / Faculty 1. American Psychological Style (APA) 2. Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) 3. Harvard Style 4. IEEE Style Manual 5. Modern Language Association (MLA) 6. Oxford Referencing Style IAE Course 5 Stiner, Slocombe, & Shanthi T.

UAEU: APA One of the most common styles for social sciences Image from Amazon IAE Course 6 Stiner, Slocombe, & Shanthi T.

3. When are Citations Used? 1. to state data & statistics § percentages % § numbers # § amounts of money $ 2. to discuss research studies 3. to directly quote another writer’s words or research 4. to use an expert or informed opinion IAE Course 7 Stiner, Slocombe, & Shanthi T.

What are examples of data, research study, & informed opinion? Directions: Look at the table and match the answers. What kind of information is being stated? 1. Research by the UN’s World Happiness Report (2015) found that Denmark was ranked as the world’s happiest country. 2. Surveys were taken by 474, 693 people in 158 countries. 3. The study shows that the UAE is ranked as the happiest Arab country and is the 20 th happiest country in the world (World Happiness Report, 2015). 4. The CEO of Dubai Holdings, Ahmed Bin Byat, believes IAE Course 8 that the social harmony in the UAE is a key factor to data / statistics research or opinion data / statistics opinion research study statistics Stiner, Slocombe, & Shanthi T.

Review Question: What is the difference between a citation and a reference list? Reference List In text citations ü Last page of the research paper • Used within the paragraph • Shows where your information comes from ü Shows the “sources” used to write the paper • Written immediately after the sentence. Studies claim that New Zealand is the 10 th happiest country (World Happiness Report, 2015). IAE Course 9 Stiner, Slocombe, & Shanthi T.

References OR Sources book Al Murr, M. (1990). Dubai Tales. London, UK: Forest Books. Al Rumaithi, N. (2015, October 7). Dust Storms to Hit Dubai. The National, pp. 1 A, 2 A. newspaper Waters, R. (2016, May 4). Robots are among us. National Geographic. Retrieved from http: //news. nationalgeographic. com. website 1. What are the main types of sources used in a reference list? books / newspapers / websites 2. Look at the above reference list. Which type of source is it? IAE Course Stiner, Slocombe, & Shanthi T. 10

How are In-text Citations Written? They immediately follow the data / research / opinion and are written in (parenthesis). 1. there are 2 different types of format: • at the beginning of a sentence • at the end of a sentence 2. they are used when writers present: • data & statistics • research studies • expert / informed opinions 3. citations follow - (the author, date – year only) IAE Course 11 - (Article’s title, date) Stiner, Slocombe, & Shanthi T.

How are In-text Citations Written? There is different formatting depending on the source. 1. Source by a Single Author ü author’s last name & publication date • (Al Shehhi, 2007) • (Ross, 2013) 2. Source with No Author ü title & publication date • (Traveling the Silk Road, 2016) IAE Course 12 Stiner, Slocombe, & Shanthi T.

What is the citation for this source? Reference website Benson, A. (2008, April 11). The History of Chocolate. The Smithsonian. Retrieved from http: //www. smithsonianmag. com citation: (Benson, 2008) IAE Course 13 Stiner, Slocombe, & Shanthi T.

What is the citation for this source? Reference Arabic Remains Language of the Future. (2016, May 5). The National, pp. 1 A, 2 A. newspaper citation: copy only the first three words between quotation marks (“Arabic Remains Language, ” 2016) IAE Course 14 Stiner, Slocombe, & Shanthi T.

How are In-text Citations Written? There is different formatting depending on the source. 3. Source with No Title ü website name & publishing date • (Silk Road, 2012) • (Arabian Business, 2016) 4. Source with No Publishing Date ü author’s name & n. d. • IAE Course (n. d. = not dated) (Al Dhaheri, n. d. ) 15 Stiner, Slocombe, & Shanthi T.

Which kind of source is this reference? What would be the citation? Reference Al Shamsi, M. Petra’s Past and Future. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http: //www. travelpetra. jo website citation: Ø (Al Shamsi, nd) Ø (Al Shamsi, N. D. ) ü (Al Shamsi, n. d. ) IAE Course 16 Stiner, Slocombe, & Shanthi T.

Review Question: Read the sentence below. 1. What kind of information is it? (data / research / informed opinion) 2. Is anything wrong with the citation? researc h Studies show a significant relationship between a country’s chocolate consumption and the rate at which its citizens win Nobel Prizes (husten (Huston, 2012). IAE Course 17 2012) Stiner, Slocombe, & Shanthi T.

What Have you Learned about Citations & References? IAE Course 18 Stiner, Slocombe, & Stiner, & Shanthi. T. T.