WORLD WATER DAY March 22 nd 2012 Belgrade

WORLD WATER DAY March 22 nd 2012, Belgrade, Serbia Multi-Scale Engineering & Ecoinnovation for Sustainable Development Prof. Eden MAMUT Institute for Nanotechnologies & Alternative Sources of Energy “Ovidius” University of Constantza, Romania Black Sea Universities Network

OUTLINE 1. Rationale 2. Sustainable Development 3. Eco-Innovation & Holistic Engineering 4. Case studies 5. Conclusions

LIMITED RESOURCES • • Three fourth of the planet surface area is covered with water Seas & oceans – 1, 350 mil. km 3 (35 g/l salt) North & South Poles – 30 – 50 mil. km 3 (fresh water) Rivers & Lakes – 0. 4 mil. km 3 (accessible fresh water) Underground (800 m) – 4 mil. km 3 Underground (1600 m) - 4 mil. Km 3 The fresh water on the planet accounts for only 3% of the total amount! The accessible fresh water resources are estimated at only 0. 8 mil. Km 3!!!

BIOSPHERE SURVIVAL LIMITS • Chemical Pollution • Inorganic compounds (ions of metals, including heavy • • • metals, salts, toxic & biologic active substances) Organic compounds (oil products, phenols, pesticides, surfactants, chlor-organic compounds, xeno-biotics) Bacterial & virus pollutions Radioactive substances of natural and antropogenic origin, isotopes of elements Mutagenic compounds of organic and inorganic origin Mycotic pollution Hormonal preparations

UNFAIR DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES • More than 40 countries (Middle East, Africa, Indochina, Australia) are suffering of absolute water deficit • One fifth of the population in Europe and America drink polluted water that does not meet international standards • 80% of diseases on the globe are related to the consumption of low-quality drinking water • 24% of population uses 60% of primary energy resources and 80% of electrical energy

WORLD POPULATION GROWTH

AND THE PROBLEMS

CLIMATE CHANGE I

CLIMATE CHANGE II

CLIMATE CHANGE III

CLIMATE CHANGE IV

CLIMATE CHANGE V

CLIMATE CHANGE VI

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Sustainable Development: to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs Strategy Mix: • efficiency – enhanced productivity / resource • consistency – enhanced economies embedded in the natural cycles • sufficiency – new concept of prosperity / satisfaction / material wealth Management rules: • the use of renewable natural resources must not exceed their regeneration rates • the use of non-renewable natural resources must not exceed the rate of substituting their respective functions • the emissions of pollutants must not exceed nature’s capability to adapt

COMPLEX SYSTEMS

COMPLEX SYSTEMS “The greatest challenge today … is the accurate and complete description of complex systems. Scientists have broken down many kinds of systems… The next task is to reassemble them, … that capture the key properties of the entire ensembles. ” E. O. Wilson, Harvard Consilience Complex system: • System of Systems; • Emergent behavior: Behavior at a higher level is the result of many behaviors at lower levels; • Sometimes adaptive; • Cannot predict from constitutive parts.

INNOVATION Innovation is “the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or process, a new marketing method, or a new organisational method in business practices, workplace organisation or external relations" (OECD 2005). Such a definition is neutral in the sense that it does not determine the content or the direction of change (Rennings 2000).

ECO-INNOVATION The term environmental innovation, or shortly ‘eco-innovation’, relates to innovations aiming at a decreased negative influence of innovations on the natural environment. Eco-innovation is “the creation of novel and competitively priced goods, processes, systems, services, and procedures designed to satisfy human needs and provide a better quality of life for everyone with a life-cycle minimal use of natural resources (materials including energy and surface area) per unit output, and a minimal release of toxic substances”.

HOLISTIC ENGINEERING The classical definition of engineering: The application of scientific and mathematical principles to practical ends such as the design, manufacture, and operation of efficient and economical structures, machines, processes, and systems In the current context of the development of the mankind society complexity of the needs require to address them by emphasizing a more cross-disciplinary, whole-systems approach to engineering. Holistic Engineering - the Art and Science of creating effective systems, using whole system, whole life principles.

POLLUTION CONTROL Materials PRODUCTION Control & Treatment NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Products

LIFE CYCLE THINKING MATERIAL & EQUIPMENT DISPOSAL EXTRACTION & PROCESSING OF RAW MATERIALS SCRAP RECYCLING SHIPBUILDING SHIP OPERATION SHIP REPAIR & RETROFIT

CLOSED LOOP PRODUCTION

DIMENSIONS & SCALES Multidimensions: • • • Economical; Ecological; Social & Institutional. Multicriteria: • • • Economical: Growth competitiveness index, Economic freedom index; Ecological: Environmental sustainability index; Social & Institutional: Quality of life index, Human development index, Knowledge society index.

DIMENSIONS & SCALES Multiscales: • System; • Local cluster of end-users • Urban / Rural agglomeration; • Sub-region; • Country; • Region.

MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MODELING Multi-dimensional models or „multi-scale” as well as the integrated multiphenomenological models or „multi- physics” have been developed in time, covering today a large number of applications including the materials science, the nano/microelectronics, the ecological reconstruction, the deactivation of the atomic armament and biotechnologies. - - - The multi-dimensional modeling approaches (MMD) can be grouped in the following generic categories: MMD with the transfer of the parameters – which integrates two or more models associated to different dimensional and/or temporal scales and the resulted parameters based on a model are used as input data for the other models; MMD with simultaneously solved multi-dimensional models (in the way used in Concurrent Engineering) – which integrates more mutual influenced models which leads to the necessity of simultaneous simulations with mutual data exchange protocols; MMD unitary integrated – consisting of the use of a mathematical device that includes terms associated to different dimensional and/or temporal scales in a unitary configuration.

PARADIGM SHIFT

GAUGING MATRIX OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Economic Iec= F(Ic, Ief) Iec Isd Is Social+Institutional Is= F(Iq, Ihd, Iks) Ie Ecological Ie= Ies = ESI

GENERAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL

GLOBAL INDICES

REVERSE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

INTEGRATED TOOLS

DOBROGEA REGION Total surface: 1, 557 kha Farming land: 931. 5 kha Forests: 128. 3 kha Inland water surface: 396. 8 kha Shore line: 245 km Total cereals: 1, 166 mt/year

SOIL DEGRADATION

HYDROGEN ENERGY ECONOMY Wind Biomass Biotechnologies

DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES

WASTE NEUTRALIZATION I

WASTE NEUTRALIZATION II

1 st LAW ANALYSIS

LIFE CYCLE ASSESMENT I

LIFE CYCLE ASSESMENT II

LIFE CYCLE ASSESMENT III

EXERGY ANALYSIS I EXERGY • • quality of materials & energy reference to the natural environment internal & external losses uniform approach to evaluate materials & energy BASED ON THERMODYNAMICS • • organization degree of materials & energy the Second Law of Thermodynamics non-equilibrium thermodynamics entropy and entropy production

EXERGY ANALYSIS II REAL PROCESSES mass & energy are conserved exergy is consumed due to: fluid flow, heat & mass transfer, chemical reactions nothing disappears, everything dissipate exergy of resources = exergy of products + exergy loss

CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT Improvements Planning Standardization Evaluation Doing

INTEGRATED PLATFORM

UN Academic Impact is a global initiative that aligns institutions of higher education with the United Nations in actively supporting ten universally accepted principles in the areas of human rights, literacy, sustainability and conflict resolution. The Academic Impact also asks each participating college or university to actively demonstrate support of at least one of those principles each year. Principles: 1. A commitment to the principles inherent in the United Nations Charter as values that education seeks to promote and help fulfill; 2. A commitment to human rights, among them freedom of inquiry, opinion, and speech; 3. A commitment to educational opportunity for all people regardless of gender, race, religion or ethnicity; 4. A commitment to the opportunity for every interested individual to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary for the pursuit of higher education; 5. A commitment to building capacity in higher education systems across the world; 6. A commitment to encouraging global citizenship through education; 7. A commitment to advancing peace and conflict resolution through education; 8. A commitment to addressing issues of poverty through education; 9. A commitment to promoting sustainability through education; 10. A commitment to promoting inter-cultural dialogue and understanding, and the “unlearning” of intolerance, through education.

UNAI-Sustainability United Nations Academic Impact Hub on Sustainability Black Sea Universities Network as the UNAI global hub for principle 9 on Promoting Sustainability Through Education, shall facilitate the development of cooperative activities between the UNAI member universities and the access of students and citizens worldwide to the educations resources, expertise and good practices in assuring sustainability at different scales of the society. In this respect, a dedicated website was registered: www. unai-sustainability. org

AT THE END THE KEY IS EDUCATION Education is the instruction of the intellect in the laws of nature, under which I include not merely things and their forces, but men and their ways, and a fashioning of the affections and of the will into an earnest and loving desire to move in harmony with these laws. Thomas Henry Huxley, 1868

Commitment to Sustainable Practices of Higher Education Institutions on the Occasion of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 20 -22 June 2012, Rio de Janeiro

Thank you for your attention! and pleased, send your comments at: emamut@univ-ovidius. ro