World War Two 1939 Bombing of Pearl Harbor

World War Two

1939 Bombing of Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 D-Day June 6, 1944 Invasion of Poland Septemb er 1939 1944 VE Day May 8, 1945 Atomic Bomb Aug 6&9 Aug 9 1945 Iwo Jima Okinawa Declaration of War December 8, 1941 “A date which will live in infamy” Domestic reactions to major WWII events Liberation of Death Camps Buchenwald, Dora-Mittelbau, Flossenbuerg, Dachau, and Mauthausen camps

“It Ain’t What it Used to Be” n 1. What does Uncle Sam’s turning his back on Europe show about American attitudes in the late 1930 s? n 2. What US policy does the cartoon imply? n Why might the Atlantic Ocean have appeared to shrink in the late 1930 s?

Neutrality Acts 1935 n Feelings about WWI n Spirit of Isolationism n Outlaws arms sales and loans to nations at war

Cash and Carry n Allowed belligerent nations to purchase arms from American producers – as long as they paid cash and transported them on their own ships. n Britain = our BFF ran out of funds.

The Axis of Eviil. n Tripartite Pact – “Axis Powers” n Germany, Italy, and Japan n September 27, 1940

n Lend-Lease March 1941 – Allowed transfer of military equipment and supplies. – FDR compared plan to lending a garden hose to a neighbor whose house was on fire.

n Do you think the Cash and Carry and Lease programs compromised American neutrality in the early stages of World War Two?

1941 http: //cairsweb. llgc. org. u k/images/ilw 1/ilw 0259. gif

Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact n Germany and Soviet Union promise to remain neutral in the event of third party aggression n Remained in place until 1941: Operation Barbarossa n UH-OH!

Four Freedoms and The Atlantic Charter n http: //www. americanrhetoric. com/speeches/fdrthefourfreedoms. htm – Listen and then answer the following questions 1. Of the four freedoms listed by Roosevelt, which do you think people of the 1940 s would have considered most important? Why? Today?

Norman Rockwell The Saturday Evening Post

The Atlantic Charter AUGUST 14, 1941 Read the Charter and with a partner answer the following: How does the Atlantic Charter reflect some of the ideals of the “Four Freedoms”?

Why Pearl Harbor? n Sept 1940: US placed embargo on Japan n April 1941: Japanese sign neutrality agreement with USSR – in the event of war with USA/GB n June-July 1941: Japanese occupation of Indochina – FROZEN ASSETS! n November 29, 1941: General Tojo Hideki sets last day of settlement without war n Sweep of Burma, Malaya – Greatest concern? U. S. Pacific Fleet

Let’s see some pics from Pearl Harbor!

FDR addresses the nation http: //www. americanrhetoric. com/speeches/fdrpea rlharbor. htm n Locate examples in the speech of techniques for enhancing a speech, such as the use of repetition, emotionally charged words, appeal to self preservation, and the assurance of moral superiority

A woman worker inspects bomb casings at an Omaha defense plant, 1944. Norman Rockwell, Rosie the Riveter (1943)

Victory in Europe n Fall 1944: German military situation hopeless n December 1944: Battle of the Bulge – 10 days of heavy fighting – Final German offensive of the war n Pushed Germans to the Rhine River n April 30: Hitler suicide n German surrender on May 8, 1945

n May 8, 1945

n When Allied troops advanced into Germany in the spring of 1945, they came face to face with Hitler’s “final solution of the Jewish question”: the extermination camps where 6 million Jews had been put to death, along with another 6 million Poles, Slaves, Gypsies, homosexuals, and other “undesirables. ” American History pg. 856 Nazi Holocaust

n Document Analysis Packet

The War in the Pacific n Defeat in Europe shifts focus to Japan n Early 1942 = grim news n May 7 -8, 1942: Battle of Coral Sea – Halted Japanese advance against Australia n June 1942: Midway – Island of midway – Inflicted major damage on Japanese fleet

n General Douglas Mac. Arthur and Admiral Chester W. Nimitz adopt plan of “island hopping” n Goal = win strategic positions essential for an eventual direct assault against Japan n Guadalcanal n Tarawa

Yalta Conference n FDR, Churchill, and Stalin n February 11, 1945 n Soviet participation in Pacific theater n Unconditional Surrender! n Future of Germany – Responsibility of war reparations – Postwar governing of Germany

Agreements Made n War criminals n Occupation of Germany n Establish United Nations n Soviets keep territory and eastern Europe will have Democratic Governments friendly to Soviets n Soviet promise to enter Pacific theater

TRIVIA QUESTION: Where was this picture taken? Mount Suribachi during the battle at Iwo Jima!

Why Iwo? n 660 • Operation Detachment miles from Japan

Facts n 74 days of bombardment (November 1944) n Operation Detachment – February 1945 – Amphibious landing of US troops – Mount Suribachi and airfield – February 23, 1945 marines reached the top of Mount Suribachi

n n n Strategic Location Heavily fortified: 100, 000 Japanese troops Operation Iceberg April 1, 1945 Japanese leaders desperate n Last major battle of WWII n n – Fight to the death – Reinforced belief that mainland invasion would have high human death toll Okinawa: The last Battle

Manhattan Project n 1 month after Pearl Harbor – FDR gives permission to begin secret development n 1945: enough material to make bomb n July 1945 Trinity Atomic Test

A - Bomb Manhattan Project “Little Boy” Hiroshima August 6, 1945 n “Fat man” Nagasaki August 9, 1945 n August 14: Japanese surrender n n

Bomb Estimates Hiroshima Nagasaki Pre-raid population Dead 255, 000 195, 000 66, 000 39, 000 Injured 69, 000 25, 000 n Approximately how many casualties resulted from the bombings at Hiroshima and Nagasaki? n What occupations do you think these people held?

Question. n Do you think the United States was justified in using the bomb against the Japanese? n In a paragraph, explain why or why not.

Japanese Internment n n Executive Order 9066 The order set into motion the exclusion from certain areas, and the evacuation and mass incarceration of 120, 000 persons of Japanese ancestry living on the West Coast, most of whom were U. S. citizens or legal permanent resident aliens – PBS

Internment Camps • 112, 000 Japanese Americans • Cracks in relocation policy • Seasonal agricultural workers • College students • 442 nd Infantry Combat Team • Constitutionality upheld until 1988 • Korematsu v. United States (1944) • Public apology • $20, 000 to the 60, 000 living survivors

Question. n Using what you know about FDR how consistent is Executive Order 9066 with his previous actions as president? Does this change your view of him as president? As a man? In your mind does this change his legacy? n The island contained 3 airstrips that the Japanese had been using for their Kamikaze attacks. n The airfields would provide a base for