World War One Homefront and Battlefront 1914 1918

World War One: Homefront and Battlefront 1914 -1918

Selective Service Act Authorized a draft of young men for military service Men received a number, a lottery was held, numbers drawn were called up for duty ◦ 24 million registered ◦ 4 million drafted

War Industries Board Headed by Bernard Baruch Regulated all industries engaged in the war effort ◦ Decided what industries Could make Where the products would go How much they would cost

Food Administration Headed by Herbert Hoover Encouraged Americans to eat less of certain foods so that more food could be shipped to Europe for soldiers (patriotism) ◦ Wheat-less Mondays and Wednesdays ◦ Meatless Tuesdays ◦ Pork-less Thursdays

Committee on Public Information Headed by Persuaded George Creel American perceptions/public opinion of the war Educated Americans on the causes and nature of the war…getting them to think it was a just cause Education through speeches, pamphlets, posters (propaganda that Example showed the wickedness of the Central Powers)

Women and the War Filled the jobs of men while they went to fight the war, proving themselves Also helped with food conservation and rationing Helped get the 19 th Amendment passed

Opposition to the War Jeanette Rankin (1 st Congresswoman) voted against war Conscientious objectors: people whose moral or religious beliefs forbid them to fight in wars “Keeping the world safe for democracy” turned the war into a just cause, a quote by President Wilson ◦ Pacifists or Quakers ◦ Were to be exempt from the Selective Service Act but this was not always followed ◦ These people were seen

Espionage and Sedition Acts Espionage: made it unlawful to print anything negative about the government ◦ Upheld in Schenck vs. US in which the court ruled that there are times when free speech can be limited when it may present a “clear and present danger”…wartime was one of them to ensure national security Sedition: made it unlawful to speak

Is this Sedition ?

Bolshevik Revolution in Russia Vladimir Lenin staged a successful revolution in Russia to set up a communist government Effects on the War: 1. Lenin pulled Russian troops out of war and Russia signed a peace treaty with Germany 2. Created an unstable Europe because of the communist government 3. Now Germany was fighting a one front war with France, all resources are on France

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Types of Warfare Trench Warfare ◦ Dug in the ground stalemate Naval Warfare ◦ Small degree Battles are fought primarily in Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas Aerial Warfare ◦ Surveying/gathering intelligence bombing plane-to-plane combat (dogfighting)

American Expeditionary Force All the American troops sent to Europe during WWI fighting alongside Allied forces Under the command of General John J. Pershing “Doughboys” were infantry (on foot)soldiers

How to Avoid U-Boat Attacks German u-boats were attacking merchant ships causing Allies to lose crucial supplies Allies adopt the convoy tactic in which merchant ships sail together and are protected by warships…a huge success

The War Ends When America enters the war and the convoy is used the defeat is in sight Armistice: November 11, 1918 Germany surrendered to the Allies and agreed to cease fire on the 11 th hour of the 11 th day of the 11 th month (that’s why we celebrate Veteran’s Day) ◦ 5 million Allies dead ◦ 8 million Centrals dead ◦ 6. 5 million civilians dead Now what will happen to the Central Powers?