World War One 1914 1919 APWH Beemon Basics

World War One 1914 -1919 APWH – Beemon

Basics 1914 -1919 - The “Great” War There were many existing tensions that contributed to the outbreak of war (MAIN), however, the immediate cause was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. Triple Alliance (Central Powers-GM, A-H, OE) vs. Triple Entente (Allied Powers-FR, GB, RUS) War fought in: Western front, Eastern front, and in the Ottoman Empire First major conflict following the I Rev = high casualties and new fighting styles First “total” war It’s lasting legacy will lead to the conflict known as WWII.

Germany Austria-Hungary Great Britain Italy Russia France

Germany Great Britain Russia Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire France (Serbia) U. S.

Statistics 8. 5 Million Deaths 37. 4 Million Casualties

Causes Long Term: MAIN Short Term: Assassination of Franz Ferdinand Conflict in the Balkans

Alliances

Review! BBC

Characteristics of the War

A New Kind of War… New Technology Modern Warfare Submarines Machine Guns Mustard Gas Zeppelin (blimp) Tanks Planes Torpedoes = 8. 5 million men dead, 21 million wounded, & $338 Billion spent

Trench Warfare

Deadly Battles Battle of Verdun: Longest and bloodiest battle – each side had about 500, 000 casualties (Feb 1916) Battle of the Somme: July 1916 – close to 1 million casualties – first use of the tank by GB Gallipoli – Protect the control over the Suez Canal and re-supply Russia

1918 Flu Pandemic I had a little bird, Its name was Enza. I opened the window, And in-flu-enza. The influenza pandemic of 1918 -1919 killed more people than the Great War, known today as World War I (WWI), at somewhere between 20 and 40 million people. It has been cited as the most devastating epidemic in recorded world history. More people died of influenza in a single year than in four-years of the Black Death Bubonic Plague from 1347 to 1351. Known as "Spanish Flu" or "La Grippe" the influenza of 1918 -1919 was a global disaster.

Propaganda

Australia Propagan da

German Poster “Think of Your Children!” French snake has baby’s bottle

Colonial Contributions

Eastern Front War revealed the weaknesses of Russia Ill-trained, ineffective officers, poorly equipped the result was mass desertions and 2 million casualties by 1915 Nicholas left for the Front—September, 1915 Russia exits the war early in 1917 – same year US enters due to the Zimmermann Telegraph and the sinking of the Lusitania

US Enters

Impacts of the War

Armenian Genocide The Young Turk leaders sought to transfer blame for the reverses of the Russian front to the Christian Armenian minority – about one million dead and many fled to Russia and Middle East The Armenian Genocide, the first genocide of the 20 th Century, occurred when two million Armenians living in Turkey were eliminated from their historic homeland through forced deportations and massacres between 1915 -1918. Armenian genocide today

Role of Women

Ottoman Empire

Russian Revolution Tsar abdicates liberal provisional gov’t under Kerensky confusion to keep with the war or to exit Rise of Lenin & Bolsheviks Civil War (White vs. Red-Trotsky) New Economic Policy (NEP) Russia transitions into the USSR under Lenin and then Stalin Totalitarian “Communist” state Stalin will begin “crash” industrialization with his Five Year Plans Collectivization Stalin’s purges = 10 -12 million dead

Outcomes of the War

Treaty of Versailles 11 th hour of the 11 th day of the 11 th month = armistice “Big Four” meet in Versailles Georges Clemenceau (FR), David Lloyd George (GB), W. Wilson (US), and Vittorio Orlando (IT) German reparations were immense and GM was not allowed to participate (servants’ quarters)

League of Nations Woodrow Wilson’s 14 th point Lasts until WWII begins United Nations post-WWII Self-determination – but just for “white folk” = Poles (not Arab or Vietnamese) Pg. 370 – Reilly Reader

What lasting effects did the war have? Overall significance?

Effects of WWI Immediate Russian Revolution Destruction and loss of life (total war) Long-Term German and Italian resentment of treaty German debt Treaty of Versailles US policy of isolationism League of Nations US profit from WWI and loans Breakup of Austro. Hungarian & Ottoman Empire Rise of fascism …. WWII