World War II The Diary of Anne Frank

World War II The Diary of Anne Frank

What is the Holocaust? n Hitler - Leader of the NAZI party Dictator of Germany 1933 -1945 1. Waged WWII for 2 reasons (1) he wanted to rule the world (2) he wanted to make conquered countries “SLAVE” to his “MASTER GERMAN RACE”

GENOCIDE: Deliberate murder of an entire racial group of people. n n n Harass Jews Stole their possessions Forced them into slavery Starved them 1941 - ordered NAZIS to kill all Jews 1945 - 6 million killed 1. 5 million under age of 14 All victims had been starved, tortured, shot, gassed, or burned to death.

“A Fire That Causes Total Destruction” *HOLOCAUST* This was a NAZI crime (NAZIS were Europeans, not just Germans)

Germany 1919 - 1924 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. After WWI – morale was very low, blamed for WWI, must pay the war damages German people LOST FAITH IN THEIR GOVERNMENT! German economy shattered—runaway inflation (pound of sugar cost hundreds$$$) Life savings were gone, work strikes, companies closed, lost jobs 5 years of turmoil—dozens of political parties had solutions: 2 parties: -----COMMUNISTS(satellite of Russia) ---NAZIS (led by Hitler) both wanted to END democracy

Hitler Promises … 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. To stop payment of war debt To give every worker a job & food To restore world prestige & military supremacy To develop the THIRD REICH (state composed of German-speaking people) To start the Master Race ”Pure Aryan” (pure German)

1924 - 1929 Good Times Return!! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. America to the rescue! Foreign aid $$$ Economy improved, prices went down, people went back to work Bad time for the NAZIS & COMMUNISTS 1925 Otto Frank (banker) married Edith in Frankfurt, Germany 1926 Margot born (1 st daughter) 1929 Anne Frank born

1929 DEPRESSION Otto lost job, Germans lost fortunes, factories stopped production, out of work 2. No food, heat, jobs 3. Upset with govt. even more 4. Bread lines, lived in tents GOOD TIMES FOR NAZIS & COMMUNIST PARTIES—RIOTS AGAINST EACH OTHER NAZIS-more German of the 2 parties 1.

HITLER IN POWER 1933 1. SCAPEGOATS: Jews were blamed for all problems (inflation, depression, losing war) Charges made no sense as they lost fortunes and also fought as soldiers

Hitler in Power 2. Propaganda: *advertising against Jews *beatings in the streets *stores were looted *cemeteries were destroyed *books written by Jewish authors burned

Hitler in Power 3. ANTI-JEWISH LAWS: PERSECUTION WAS THE LAW BOYCOTT JEWISH BUSINESSES JEWS DISMISSED FROM GOVT JOBS NO JEWISH CHILDREN ALLOWED IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS (1933)

MR. FRANK IS PREPARING TO LEAVE GERMANY ANNE FRANK IS 4 YRS OLD

NAZI TERROR MOVES TO HOLLAND 1. 2. 3. 4. Jews lived in Holland for centuries & were accepted as 1 st class citizens Felt religion was a private matter Opened borders to Jews Otto Frank had business contacts, moved family in 1933 1. 2. 3. Had 7 yrs. Success/good life Mr. Van. Daan business partner Anne, Margot- Montessori school in Amsterdam

NAZIS captured POLAND, NORWAY, DENMARK Hitler promised Holland he would NOT invade (Holland neutral in WW 1, wants to remain neutral now)

ALLIES: Britain, France, Russia, U. S. , China & 41 other countries vs. AXIS: Germany, Italy, Japan

Holland is wanted by NAZIS 1. 2. Hitler wanted Dutch airfields to send missiles to destroy England Several orders given to invade Holland---cancelled—Dutch were alerted and ready with a plan A. B. Open dikes, canals, drown NAZIS Bomb bridges to stop them

German BLITZKRIEG NAZIS in Dutch uniforms, machine guns, parachutes took control of bridges, water n STUKA dive bombers n INFANTRY troops, tanks 4 days of fighting: NAZIS controlled all roads to ROTTERDAM (city of pride)PROMISSED NOT TO BOMB IF THEY SURRENDERED. DUTCH AGREED TO SURRENDER. NAZIS BOMBED IT ANYWAY. DUTCH WERE FURIOUS!!!!! n

BELGIUM & LUXEMBOURG also fell to NAZIS (18 days)

DUTCH RESISTANCE 1. 2. 3. Most Dutch refused to cooperate with NAZIS Queen Wilhelmina fled to England & communicated through BBC Dutch were told to turn in radiosmost did NOT obey

DUTCH UNDERGROUND Along with British used SABOTAGE against NAZIS n Interrupted communications n Helped Allied P. O. W. s escape n Staged labor strikes n Blew up RR & bridges n Gave wrong directions n Children- Dutch Prince Bernard’s Bday (all kids to wear white carnation with razorblades inside: lots of bloody NAZI fingers!)

2 MONTHS AFTER THE NAZIS OCCUPIED HOLLAND ANTI-JEWISH LAWS enacted in Holland 1. Jews must register for their “protection” 2. Businessmen must register business (later used for deportation) 3. Not permitted to ride in car, bus, bike 4. Not permitted in movies, tennis courts, swimming pools 5. Restricted shopping: Jewish stores only; 3 -5 pm 6. Can’t use telephones 7. Curfew: inside by 8 pm

ANTI-JEWISH LAWS 1941 - can’t own business 9. Can’t attend public schools 10. Must wear yellow Star of David or be arrested 11. Turn in $$$$ and ration books 12. May have electricity 1 hr. daily (Food is scarce) 8.

DUTCH CITIZENS HELPED JEWS 1. 2. 3. 4. If caught—beaten, prison, death Christians wore Star of David Jews fought back with clubs— NAZIS came in with tanks Problems were sent to concentration camps

DUTCH JEWS DEPORTED 1. 2. 3. 4. July 1942 –received “call up notices” to report to labor camps Packed into railroad cattle cars—several days trip—no food, stopping Gas chambers awaited the Sunday, July 5, 1942—SS ordered Margot Frank (16) to report for deportation

4 DAYS LATER THE FRANKS WENT INTO HIDING FOR 25 MONTHS!