World War II Era 1935 1945 Fascism Fascism

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World War II Era 1935 - 1945

World War II Era 1935 - 1945

Fascism • Fascism – government more important than the individual, lose freedoms to work

Fascism • Fascism – government more important than the individual, lose freedoms to work for the benefit of the nation and pro-military • Characterized by extreme nationalism, racism, and militarism • Nazi Germany – led by Hitler • Fascist Italy – Mussolini

Steps to WWII in Europe • 1)Rearmament of • 6) Germany (1935) Invasion of

Steps to WWII in Europe • 1)Rearmament of • 6) Germany (1935) Invasion of • 2)1935 – Italy Czechoslovakia invades Africa (1939) • 3) German troops • 7) Sent into Nonaggression Demilitarized Rhineland (1936) Pact Between • 4) Germany Nazi annexes Austria Germany/Soviet (1938) Union (1939) • 5) Annexation of the Sudetenland • 8) Invasion of Poland (1938) (September 1, 1939)

Hitler began to take back land lost in WWI • England France let him

Hitler began to take back land lost in WWI • England France let him bc they didn’t want another war = policy of Appeasement (think peace) • 1938 – Munich Conference – agreement with Hitler for peace

Soviet union

Soviet union

Japan Government -ruled by an Emperor and a weak elected assembly - in reality,

Japan Government -ruled by an Emperor and a weak elected assembly - in reality, Japan was ruled by Fascist leader named Hideki Tojo and the military Economic Problems: - Japan lacked raw materials - Japan's military wanted to expand the Japanese empire Economic Solutions: (Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere) - Expand into the Pacific and conquer neighboring nations Actions in China: 1931 - attacked Manchuria (rich in raw materials) 1937 - attacked mainland China (World War II began in Asia) Alliance with Germany and Italy 1940 - signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy - created the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

Emperor Hirohito

Emperor Hirohito

Hideki Tojo (Fascist Leader of Japan)

Hideki Tojo (Fascist Leader of Japan)

Japanese aggression 1931 and 1937

Japanese aggression 1931 and 1937

Rape of Nanking

Rape of Nanking

U. S. Foreign Policy during the 1930 s

U. S. Foreign Policy during the 1930 s

US Foreign Policy • Neutrality Acts • 1935 – won’t trade arms to countries

US Foreign Policy • Neutrality Acts • 1935 – won’t trade arms to countries at war • US travel at own risk • 1936 – Will not loan money to belligerent nations • 1937 – “Cash and Carry” – countries trading must pay in cash and transport goods • Only France and Britain have acceptable forms of currency • 1939 – repeals 1935 Act for France and Britain

1940 – Destroyers for Bases • US would give older WWI destroyers to Britain

1940 – Destroyers for Bases • US would give older WWI destroyers to Britain • Britain would give leases of bases in British territories • mostly in the Caribbean

1941 – Lend Lease • US can sell or lend war materials to “any

1941 – Lend Lease • US can sell or lend war materials to “any country whose defense the Pres. Deems vital to the defense of the US” • US supplies: • • Great Britain Soviet Union France China

“If your neighbor’s house is on fire, you don’t sell him a hose. You

“If your neighbor’s house is on fire, you don’t sell him a hose. You lend it to him and take it back after the fire is out. ” FDR

1. Churchill and FDR meet secretly off the coast of Newfoundland (Canada) 2. They

1. Churchill and FDR meet secretly off the coast of Newfoundland (Canada) 2. They draw up goals for both nations to follow in the event that the U. S. enters the war a. Nations will cooperate for peace in the future b. New League of Nations will be established c. Victorious powers will seek no new territory d. Nations will be restored following the defeat of Germany, Italy and Japan

Japan’s Attack on Pearl Harbor • US cut off trade with Japan • Dec.

Japan’s Attack on Pearl Harbor • US cut off trade with Japan • Dec. 7, 1941 – Japanese war planes attacked the US Navy fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. • Lasted 2 hrs. – 2, 400 Americans were killed • The attack fueled American nationalism. • Congress agreed to FDR’s request to declare war on Japan, then on Germany and Italy

“A date which will live in infamy…” -FDR

“A date which will live in infamy…” -FDR

The memorial was dedicated on May 30, 1962 as a tribute to more than

The memorial was dedicated on May 30, 1962 as a tribute to more than 1100 men that went down with the ship.

U. S. S. ARIZONA MEMORIAL

U. S. S. ARIZONA MEMORIAL

FDR’s Speech • FDR Speech and Footage

FDR’s Speech • FDR Speech and Footage

Time for War!!!! The U. S. Mobilizes!

Time for War!!!! The U. S. Mobilizes!

Mobilizing for the war!!!!

Mobilizing for the war!!!!

People in Millions Unemployment and Armed Service Enlistment, 1940 -1945

People in Millions Unemployment and Armed Service Enlistment, 1940 -1945

The War Effort at Home • Selective Service Act • All men 18 -

The War Effort at Home • Selective Service Act • All men 18 - 45 are eligible • 50 mil register, 10 mil serve • 1 million African Americans serve in segregated units

Economy • Labor Force • Expansion of production ends Depression • Second Great Migration

Economy • Labor Force • Expansion of production ends Depression • Second Great Migration • Many African Americans head north to fill labor shortage • Women take jobs of men serving • Rosie the Riviter • Wartime Production • Advisory boards to monitor use of materials • Resources such as gasoline are rationed • Paying for the war • Costs $350 billion • Americans buy war bonds

Do Your Bit!

Do Your Bit!