WORLD WAR II CHAPTER 11 America WWII WARTIME

WORLD WAR II CHAPTER 11 America & WWII

WARTIME AMERICA 1 A. How Americans view draft? opposed draft in peacetime 1 A. How did attitudes change after early events in war Attitudes changed after German invasions of Poland & France 1 B. Attack of Pearl Harbor & American attitudes Many volunteered for military service American support for US involvement in the war

WARTIME AMERICA Cost-plus contracts & war effort Showed that businesses & industries were important to the war effort & motivated to convert factories to wartime production

WARTIME AMERICA The United States During WWII POLICY SOCIAL CHANGE Industrial mobilization for war production End of Depression; women & African Americans become more integrated into workforce Draft of military-age men Women to work in factories West Coast designated a military zone Rationing Japanese Americans to internment camps People encouraged to become more self-sufficient More women become accustomed to working outside the home Women filled administrative & clerical positions in the armed forces

WARTIME AMERICA Entry of US into war = compromise Limit freedoms Rationing Produce war equipment Office of War Information

THE WAR IN EUROPE 4 NIGHTIME STRATEGIES FOR D-DAY INVASION STRATEGY WHY USE THIS STRATEGY? Start invasion at night Hides ships that were crossing English Channel Ships arrive at low tide Allow ships & soldiers to see beach obstacles Paratroopers dropped behind enemy lines Moonlight allows to see where they land Wait for good weather Storm would ground airplanes but boats could get through

THE WAR IN EUROPE Germans using Omaha Beach Germans dug trenches & built concrete blockers for machine guns at the top of cliffs

THE WAR ENDS President Truman dropping bomb on Japan? President Truman wanted to end war FIREBOMB NUCLEAR BOMB Filled with jellied gasoline Used uranium Bombs exploded & started fire Killed more than 80, 000 people Destroyed more than 250, 000 buildings Release enormous energy Killed more than 120, 000 people instantly 63% of city was destroyed

THE WAR ENDS Motivation to use nuclear bombs He wanted to save American military lives & didn’t want to send more troops Where & Why Nuclear bombs? Hiroshima – important city Nagasaki – major port

THE WAR ENDS How did countries punish the Germans and Japanese Created the International Military Tribunal 22 German leaders prosecuted = 3 acquitted, 7 prison sentences, 12 sentence to death 25 Japanese leaders charged with war crimes = 18 prison & 7 sentence to death How did the end of WWII provoke the Cold War? Soviet Union built an enormous army WWII left Europe divided which resulted in tensions among former Allies.