World War II 1939 1945 Adolf Hitler begins

World War II 1939 -1945

Adolf Hitler begins to create an empire n March 1936: reoccupied the Rhineland n March 1938: Anschluss of Austria

Preview and Processing 1. 2. 3. 4. Listen to the speech being given by British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain in 1938. What is he talking about? What does he believe that he has achieved? What do you think about his willingness to negotiate?

n Munich Conference (9 -29 -1938) • Sudetenland • Prime Minister of GB=Neville Chamberlain n Ok to SUD. & Hitler promised to leave Czechoslovakia alone n “peace in our time” • 6 mos. Later Hitler took Czechoslovakia stating “Czechoslovakia has ceased to exist”

War Begins: European Arena n April 28, 1939: wanted Polish Corridor= Danzig • GB &FR said they would defend Poland • Nonaggression Pact: GER & USSR pledge not to attack ea. Other n Stalin would share territory taken over: Poland & Baltic nations n 2 front war

August 31, 1939 • GER soldiers dress in polish uniforms & pretended to seize a GER radio station n Sept. 1, 1939 • Poland invaded by GER: 3 days • Blitzkrieg: “lightening war” ( Civil War in Spain: July 1936= Francisco Franco=practice for Hitler) • FR & GB declared war n

Making the Connection n 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Can you recite the correct order of territory given to or taken by Hitler from 1936 to Sept. 1, 1939? Rhineland Austria Sudetenland Czechoslovakia Poland

Interactive Map: Pay close attention to the territory taken by Hitler

n Scandinavia • Luftwaffe • Head West n GB Prime Minister Winston Churchill: “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. ”

The Maginot Line

n France: Maginot Line • Belgium • Dunkirk: get GB’s soldiers out: 338, 000 • Italy enter war • June 16, 1940 Marshall Henri Petain • June 22, 1940 FR divided: n N=GER control n S= Vichy FR • Underground n Charles de Gaulle

n GB • GER launched Operation Sea Lion • RAF: 700 planes; 1400 pilots • Radar: Ultra • Battle of Britain: July 1940 (6 mos) • RAF bombed Berlin: Hitler angry! n London: 300 to 600 killed a day 1, 000 to 3, 000 injured a day n Hitler w/ drew

“Never was so much owed by so many to so few. ” Churchill

The US response • Edward R. Murrow • Cash and carry • 1940 Selective Service Act • Arming merchant ships & using navy to protect British ships n Undeclared naval war w/ GER

Meanwhile in the USSR…. n USSR • June 22, 1940: GER invaded • Winter

Making the Connection 1. 2. 3. Why did Hitler decide to invade the USSR? What factors will affect Germany’s success on the Eastern Front? Why does Stalin hold a grudge against Hitler?

The Pacific Arena

n Japan • Hirohito • FDR: J not to take over China • J went after US interest in Pacific (i. e. Philippines) • FDR banned shipment of US fuel, scrap iron & steel to J (embargo) 1. Pull out of China & admit defeat 2. Get needed material by going after Indochina, Malaya & e. Indies wh/ = war w/ US

• J decided to attack 1 st 1. US not ready for war 2. Member of Axis powers • Reasons what the US did not think J would attack Magic n Negotiations n Shallow H 2 O port / targets n

n December 7, 1941 • Pacific Fleet • 18 ships: 8 battleships • 2403 AM died • 1, 000+ wounded • J 29 planes; 1 sub • FDR “A date which will live infamy. ”

• Yamamoto (Naval Commander) “I fear we have awakened a sleeping giant. ” Making the Connection 1. What do you think Yamamoto meant? 2. What event did he unknowingly foreshadow?

n January 1942: Philippines • Bataan Death March • 5, 000 miles N-S: 6, 000 miles E=W • Douglas Mac. Arthur “I shall return. ”

n Allies • Midway: Admiral Chester W. Nimitz n 6 -3 -1942: 322 J planes, 4 aircraft carriers, other ships • Island Hopping: Douglas Mac. Arthur

The War Coming to an End

n North Africa • Suez Canal: Mideast oil fields • GER General: Erwin Rommel: Desert Fox • GB General: Bernard Montgomery • US General: Dwight D. Eisenhower n Oct. 1942: Rommel lost 60, 000 Men, 500 tanks, 400 lg. artillery pieces in 1 week n Battle of El Alamein n May 1943= Allied victory

n USSR • GER there 2 yrs • Battle of Stalingrad August 1942 n House to house fighting n GER in control then winter came again n Georgi Zhukov: surrounded Stalingrad & cut off supplies n Jan. 31, 1943 GER surrendered 280, 000 -91, 000 n GER now on defensive

n Italy • July 9, 1943: Sicily • Mussolini forced to resign n 7 -25 -1943 arrested n. Pietro Badoglio: changed sides n. GER occupied Italy n(Mussolini executed: 4 -28 -

n France • Dwight D. Eisenhower • 2 mil GB, US, Canadian w/ 1 mil “extra” for sea & air support • Invasion of Normandy: D-Day n. June 6, 1944 n. Lgest. Amphibious attack to date n 8 -24 -1944: Allies entered Paris

Germany • 2 front war • Hitler Killed himself 4 -30 -1945 • May 7, 1945 war over =V-E Day n US FDR died 4 -121945: Harry S. Truman n

Making the Connection 1. 2. 3. 4. Who were the Big Three? List the leaders that died in April of 1945. List the countries that experience a change in leadership in 1945. Who took over after Winston Churchill? n Clement Atlee

n Japan • Iwo Jima: Okinawa • Kamikaze • 8 -6 -1945: “Little Boy” dropped on J City of Hiroshima: 343, 000 or 2/3 of population instantly vaporized. 80, 000 due to heat many more in years to follow from radiation poisoning. • 8 -9 -1945: Nagasaki: 40, 000 killed • 9 -2 -1945: Missouri=V-J Day

Effects of WWII on the United States and the World

Effects of WWII n 40 million deaths • USSR lost 20 mil • Ger 4. 2 mil • Poles 4. 3 mil • Chinese 2. 2 mil • Japan 2 mil • US 291, 000 killed; 670, 000 wounded

Holocaust n Heinrich Himmler: SS commander • mobile killing units 1. 4 mil n Ghettos: Polish Jews • i. e. Warsaw Ghetto: ½ mil: 10, 000 n Death Camps • Genocide • 30 camps • Auschwitz: 1. 75 mil; 6, 500 a day • Dachau & Buchenwald • Postcards home

Annihilation of the Jewish Population of Europe by Country: Country Est. Pre-War Jewish Population Est. Jewish Population Annihilated Percent Killed Poland Baltic Countries 3, 300, 000 253, 000 228, 000 90 90 Germany & Austria 240, 000 228, 000 90 Slovakia Greece Netherlands Hungary Ukrainian SSR 90, 000 70, 000 140, 000 650, 000 1, 500, 000 75, 000 54, 000 105, 000 450, 000 900, 000 83 77 75 70 60 Belgium Yugoslavia Romania Norway France Bulgaria Italy Luxembourg Denmark Finland 65, 000 43, 000 600, 000 2, 173 350, 000 64, 000 40, 000 5, 000 8, 000 2, 000 40, 000 26, 000 300, 000 890 90, 000 14, 000 8, 000 1, 000 52 22 60 60 50 41 26 22 20 20 <1 <1 *Occupied Nations Shown in Red

Interactive Map: Pay close attention to the map and the beginning of the cold war.