World War II 1930 1945 V Victory for

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World War II (1930– 1945) V. Victory for the Allies

World War II (1930– 1945) V. Victory for the Allies

World War II (1930– 1945) V. Victory for the Allies Learning Objectives • •

World War II (1930– 1945) V. Victory for the Allies Learning Objectives • • Understand the reasons for the final defeat of the Nazis. Describe how the Allies began to push back the Japanese in the Pacific. Explain how the dropping of the atomic bombs ended the war. Describe the aftermath of World War II and the founding of the United Nations.

World War II (1930– 1945) V. Victory for the Allies A. Ending War in

World War II (1930– 1945) V. Victory for the Allies A. Ending War in Europe & Battles in Pacific 1. Mussolini was executed in April of 1945. Hitler killed himself as the Soviets invaded Berlin. Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945 and the next day was VE day. The Allies defeated Germany for many reasons, chiefly Hitler’s mistakes and US production capacity. 2. However, fighting in the Pacific continued. Japanese occupiers were extremely brutal towards prisoners, as in the case of the Bataan Death March. 10, 000 American and Filipino prisoners died in the grueling march to a prison camp. 3. After Midway, the American Navy began bombing and blockading Japan. Meanwhile, Mac. Arthur began the island-hopping strategy. Take certain islands and bypass others, making captured islands into bases to launch the next assault. Fighting was extremely brutal.

B. End of War in Pacific 1. By 1945, Japanese air and sea forces

B. End of War in Pacific 1. By 1945, Japanese air and sea forces were nonexistent. However, kamikaze planes terrorized American ships. Battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa were extremely bloody and military planners feared that an invasion of Japan would produce millions of casualties. 2. In secret, the Manhattan Project had produced atomic weapons for the USA. Many scientists who worked on it were German and Italian refugees. President Truman decided to use the bombs rather than invade Japan. Hiroshima was bombed on August 6, 1945 and Nagasaki was bombed 3 days later. 3. Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945. Many people questioned Truman’s decision to use the bomb but he believed that it saved American lives and that it showed the Soviets that we were very powerful.

C. Aftermath & UN is formed 1. The death toll and destruction were catastrophic.

C. Aftermath & UN is formed 1. The death toll and destruction were catastrophic. Over 50 million people had died. The Holocaust exposed the worst of humanity. The Nuremberg Trials were held for captured Nazi leaders. Most were executed. 2. Trials were also held in Italy and Japan. The accused were charged with crimes against humanity. Tojo was executed after being put on trial in Japan. Germany was divided and the Allies helped to remake Germany. The US occupied Japan and forced the transformation to democracy and western ideals. 3. The United Nations was created in 1945 to try to promote world peace. The General Assembly votes on mainly symbolic resolutions while the Security Council votes to apply sanctions or military action. The UN is responsible for many peace-keeping efforts in the last 75 years.

End of the War in Europe The Allied strategy in Europe was to encircle

End of the War in Europe The Allied strategy in Europe was to encircle Germany, advancing from the south, west, and east. Here, Soviet and American soldiers meet at the Elbe River in eastern Germany.

Battles in the Pacific Japan captured the Philippines in 1942, taking some 75, 000

Battles in the Pacific Japan captured the Philippines in 1942, taking some 75, 000 soldiers prisoner. American and Philippine prisoners were then forced on the brutal Bataan Death March.

Battles in the Pacific After winning the war in Europe, the Allies poured all

Battles in the Pacific After winning the war in Europe, the Allies poured all their resources into victory in the Pacific theater. Analyze Maps Based on the map, how would you describe the Allied strategy to defeat Japan?

End of the War in the Pacific Kamikaze attacks were a desperate attempt to

End of the War in the Pacific Kamikaze attacks were a desperate attempt to ward off American advances. Japanese pilots crashed into Allied aircraft carriers and other ships, killing American sailors along with themselves.

Aftermath of the War This photograph shows Hamburg, Germany, after the war. In spite

Aftermath of the War This photograph shows Hamburg, Germany, after the war. In spite of widespread destruction, much of Europe was rebuilt in 20 years, thanks in part to American aid.

The United Nations Is Formed The United Nations' originating mission included maintaining international peace

The United Nations Is Formed The United Nations' originating mission included maintaining international peace and security and solving economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems. Analyze Charts Under which of the five departments is the World Health Organization?

The United Nations Is Formed Today, United Nations aid includes humanitarian missions. Here, a

The United Nations Is Formed Today, United Nations aid includes humanitarian missions. Here, a UN agency brings famine relief to refugees in Somalia.