World War I Turning Points Weaponry Machine gun
- Slides: 16
World War I: Turning Points
Weaponry • Machine gun • Airplane • Tank • Poison gas • Zeppelin • Big Bertha
Battle of the Marne (Sept 5 -12, 1914) • Month-long German offensive toward Paris halted after six French field armies and one British army counterattacked against the Germans • Marked failure of Schlieffen Plan
Battle of Ypres (Oct 19 -Nov 22, 1914) • Ypres = strategic city in Belgium • British wanted to secure English Channel ports for supply line by sea • Germans needed Ypres to get to Calais • French did not want Germans to outflank Allied front from the north • Ended the “Race to the Sea”; Germans prevented from reaching Calais and Dunkirk
Battle of Verdun (Feb 21 -Dec 18, 1916) • By 1915, many forts were left mostly undefended due to threat of German howitzers; Germans took Fort Douaumont February 25, 1916 • Fort Douaumont = largest/highest of the 19 large defensive forts protecting Verdun; recaptured by French in October 1916 • After nearly 10 months: negligible gains in territory, massive casualties (542, 000 French & 434, 000 Germans), yet an Allied victory
Fort Douaumont, start of 1916
Fort Douaumont, end of 1916
Battle of the Somme (July 1 -Nov 18, 1916) • British took lead since French were still defending Verdun • More than one million casualties; one of the bloodiest wars ever recorded
U. S. Enters the War • 1914: US factories producing at high rate in response to demand from war; U. S. maintained neutrality • 1916: National Defense Act passed, authorizing expansion of US Army to 175, 000286, 000 in the event of war • 1917: Apr 2, President Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war; granted Apr 6
Treaty of Versailles • Armistice Day: November 11, 1918: ceasefire • June 28, 1919: Ended state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers • Germany required to: – Accept responsibility for causing the war (Austria & Hungary in Treaties of Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Trianon) – Disarm – Make substantial territorial concessions, and pay heavy reparations to Entente Power countries • $31. 4 billion in 1921 • $442 billion today
Credits • • • • http: //flightlinefabrications. com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/wwi. bmp http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: French_soldiers_ditch_1914. jpg http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Battle_of_the_Marne_-_Map. jpg http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=wbgg. EGUa. E 28 http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=c-Lxz. D 6 Luj 4 http: //old. library. jhu. edu/sebin/x/o/box 76 item 105. jpg http: //3. bp. blogspot. com/b. VGc. ZWB 00 CI/T 5 tb. Az 4 pu. LI/AAAAALk/gri. IO 2 CQV 0 o/s 1600/Gamma-gerat. jpg http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Uam. KIl. Ts. Kg. A http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Race_to_the_Sea_1914. png http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/c/c 6/Verdun_and_Vincinity_-_Map. jpg http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/f/f 5/Fort_Douaumont_Ende_1916. jpg http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/0/0 e/Fort_Douaumont_Anfang_1916. jpg http: //www. therooms. ca/regiment/images/somme-static-map-FA. jpg http: //www. ushmm. org/lcmedia/map/lc/image/ger 71020. gif
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