WORLD WAR I The Great War or The

WORLD WAR I The Great War, or The War to End All Wars - sort of

FORCES PUSHING TOWARD WAR • • Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Entangled Alliances

NATIONALISM • Desire for Independence/ Extreme devotion to nation

IMPERIALISM • Colonial Powers - 1910

MILITARISM

ENTANGLED ALLIANCES • Triple Alliance (Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary) • Triple Entente (Great Britain, Russia, France)

ENTANGLED ALLIANCES

THE SPARK- June 1914 • Archduke of the Austria. Hungarian Empire (Ferdinand) assassinated

THE SPARK • Ferdinand killed by Serbian nationalist who wanted independence from Austria-Hungary

AFTER THE ASSASINATION… • Aust-Hung declared war on…. Serbia • Serbia- close ally of Russia , Russia mobilizes • Germany- allied with Austr-Hung, declares war on Russia • Germany declares war on Russian Ally- France • Germany invades Belgium - Great Britain declares war on Germany • Great Britain declares war on German Ally Austria-Hungary

IN THIS CORNER. . • Triple Entente- France, Britain & Russia • Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary & Italy • Italy switches sides in 1915 • Bolshevik Rev in 1917…Russia out

EUROPE ENGULFED IN WAR BY AUG OF 1914 • 900, 000 dead by the end of 1914

THE US STAYED OUT • Official US position in 1914 = Neutral • Allowed US to sell arms to both sides • 1916 Pres Wilson’s campaign slogan “He Kept us Out of War” • But insisted on allowing ships to sail through the war zone

THEN, Something Blows Up! • British Ocean Liner - Lusitania in 1915 attacked by German Uboat (sub)

AND. . A TELEGRAM GETS DECODED. . • Zimmerman Telegram sent from Germany to Mexico • Promises to give Mexico back territory it lost in Mexican-Am War if it sides with Germany • Decoded by the British • Wilson Gets declaration of war on Germany on April 2, 1917

INSTITUTING THE DRAFT

WARTIME PROPAGANDA • Still needed to convince many Americans to support entry & define the enemy…

WARTIME RHETORIC • • • German Shepherds were renamed “Alsatians” Sauerkraut was renamed “liberty cabbage” German composers outlawed Illegal to speak German in public Prohibition (why this? )

CIVIL LIBERTIES IN TIMES OF WAR • Espionage Act- punished anyone found guilty of helping the enemy, hindering recruitment, or inciting revolt. • Sedition Act- prohibited any speech that was “disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive” of the government, flag, Constitution or armed forces. ”

A WAR ECONOMY • Great Migration African Am go north • Mexican Workers in SW • Women enter workforce • Assembly line production - low skill laborers

War and peace • Jan. 1918 - President Wilson has peace plan- 14 points (no secret treaties, rights for colonies, reduce arms, national self-determination, etc. ) • League of Nations Idea- create international body to help resolve disputes

WAR & PEACE • Nov 11, 1918 - Armistice Day • Paris Peace Talks = Treaty of Versailles (April 1919) • Four Empires collapsed (Russia, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman, Germany) • Russian Revolution (BOLSHEVIKS!) and fight for control of Russia in full swing • USA= Fears Commies!

Treaty of Versailles- About Revenge? • Reshaping territories- New nations in Europe and mandates in Middle East (from old Ottoman Empire. France gets Syria, Great Britain gets Iraq and Palestine- remember this!) • Germany has to pay $$ to winners and loses Alsace. Lorraine, and its colonies…Germany must take full responsibility for the war…humiliates Germany ($33 billion in Reparations) • Germany initially Refused to accept

How great a peace? • The US never signs on to League of Nations; League becomes weak international organization • A weak Weimar Republic in Germany sets stage for Hitler’s rise to power in 1930 s

And the USA? • Economy booming at end of war; US factories and farms in position to make money/Europe devastated • US Businessman is the hero of the day; business “won the war” • Women soon get the vote- 1920 • Native Americans gain citizenship (but lose tribal “identity” with this) • African-Americans still face intense discrimination/segregation; many moved north in great migration to work in war production factories