World War I The Great War 1914 1918

World War I “The Great War” 1914 - 1918

Important things to remember… EUROPE IS A CONTINENT NOT A COUNTRY n n WAR BEGINS AND THEN THE US ENTERS “WORLD WAR” MEANS MANY COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD AT WAR AT THE SAME TIME…DOESN’T MEAN THE ENTIRE WORLD IS AT WAR n

Franz and Sophie Ferdinand n n Heir to Austro-Hungarian Empire Assassinated June 28, 1914 by the “Black Hand” n A group of Bosnia Herzegovina who wanted to leave the Austro-Hungarian Empire and join Seria n First hand account n Recipe for WWI

Causes of War n After the Ferdinand’s death Austria. Hungary issued Serbia an unacceptable ultimatum, to which Serbia consented almost entirely. n Germany promises to back Austria-Hungary Russia promises to back Serbia and France promises to back Russia n

Falling Dominoes (1914) July 28 -Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia n August 1 - Germany declared war on Russia n August 2 – Germany declared war on France n Belgium wanted to remain neutral, but Germany invaded Belgium to attack France. This prompted Britain to declare war on Germany. n World War I had begun.

Allies Allied Powers or Allies Britain France Russia Italy (1915) Central Powers Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire

So what was everyone’s problem? n Ethnic Groups! Many ethnic groups made up large empires in Europe (Austria-Hungary Empire) n Each ethnic group wanted to be free of their empire to form their own country (Bosnia-Herzegovina or “Black Hand”) n Each ethnic group felt nationalism towards their group not their country n

Other problems in Europe n n Countries felt they needed strong militaries to be safe. As one country’s military increased, other countries felt unsafe and increased their military. This lead to countries making alliances with each other and becoming allies, incase a war ever broke out.

US Involvement n May 7, 1915 a U-boat (submarine) sank the British passenger ship the Lusitania off the coast of Ireland. n 128 Americans were killed n We decide to wait…

“The world must be made safe for democracy. ” n 1917 Germany said they would sink any ships in British waters n German U-boats sank 3 US merchant ships, killing many Americans n April 6, 1917 the US joined the Allied Forces

Changes in the US - Men n Military Draft – the military did not have enough people so the “draft” was created n How the draft worked: 1. Men between the ages of 18 -30 had to register with the Draft Board 2. As more people were needed, names were pulled to send men over to war

Changes in the US - Women n Women were not allowed to fight in war n Women were allowed to serve in medical jobs in the war n Women had to take over jobs that were left by men who were overseas

Women on the Farm

Woman in a Factory

Changes in the US – Daily Life n War Industries Board – helped to insure products that were needed for the war were made n Food Administration – paid farmers to raise more crops to send overseas and asked Americans to conserve food by growing “Victory Gardens”

Changes in the US – Daily Life Fuel Administration – helped save fuel and coal, created Daylights Savings time (work during daylight hours so no fuel is needed for lights) n Taxes and War bonds – taxes were increased and the government sold war bonds (you invest your money in government and they pay you back after war) n

Victory Garden Poster

New Weapons German machine gun – fired hundreds of rounds per minute n British tanks n German poison gas n Gas mask provided protection for G. P. G n Airplanes and bombs dropped by them n German U-boats or submarines n

Gasmask and Machine Gun

Gas mask

Tank

Airplane (Possible)

Aircraft Carrier (USS Langley)

German U-Boat Captured by US

New War Techniques U-boats to surprise attack n No-Man’s-Land – territory, between trenches, that was covered in barbed wire, land mines, and bombs (p. 298) n Dropping bombs from planes n Tanks to plow over dangerous land n Throwing gas into tanks because bullets and bombs didn’t hurt them n

The War Ends

November 11, 1918 n Germany surrendered n Germany signed an armistice (very much like a treaty)

Treaty of Versailles n Ended WWI and set up the League of Nations n US Senate did not approve of the treaty and did not vote for it

Isolationism n Remaining separated from the rest of the world n Isolationism describes the attitude the US Senate wished the US would return to after WWI