World War I Begins Chapter 19 Sec 1

World War I Begins Chapter 19 Sec 1 “An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind. ” Mahatma Gandhi

America & the Great War Ø Causes: 1. Imperialism 2. Militarism 3. Nationalism 4. System of Alliances - Triple Entente (Allies) - Triple Alliance (Central Powers)

Imperialism

Militarism 1910 -1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73%

The Spark Ø Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand & wife l l June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo, Bosnia By Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian Ø July 28: Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

Europe in 1914

World War Erupts Aug 1: Germany declared war on Russia Ø Aug 3: Germany declared war on France l Invades Belgium l Great Britain enters the war l Schlieffen Plan: Germany’s strategy Ø

Two Sides Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Turkey Allied Powers Great Britain France Russia Serbia

US Reaction to War Ø Pro-peace: Socialists, Quakers, women Ø Pro-Central: German & Irish immigrants Ø Pro-Allied: majority of US (cultural & economic ties) Ø Wilson: be neutral

Causes of US Entry Ø Ties with Allies Ø German U-boat attacks l l British blockade causes Germany to develop U-boats 1915: sinking of Lusitania, 128 Americans die US public opinion turns against Germany announces unrestricted submarine warfare

Causes cont. Zimmermann Note: proposed alliance between Mexico & Germany (Feb 1917) Ø Russian Revolution replaces monarchy with republican government; now US can be their ally (March 1917) Ø

Zimmermann Telegram

US Enters War Ø Congress declares war on Germany April 6, 1917 Ø US military involvement lasted about 6 months Ø Turned tide of war