World War I Begins 1914 Ends 1918 Versailles

World War I • Begins 1914 • Ends 1918 • Versailles Treaty is signed in June of 1919 • Known as the “War to end all wars. ”

Causes of the War What was happening before the war that leads us into war?

1. Militarism • Building up a nations armed forces in preparation for war. • Does endless planning and preparation for war make it more likely?

2. Alliances • Come to another countries aid in case of attack. • Leads to a dangerous web of alliances across the globe. • Questions the U. S. must ask: • “Our friends are in trouble, should we come to their aid? • “If we don’t, and they are taken over, will we be next? ”

3. Imperialism • The great scramble for colonies across the globe. Creating empires by dominating weaker nations. • Countries are trying to acquire smaller uncolonized areas of the world. They want their population and resources to enlarge, and make themselves more powerful.

4. Nationalism • Act in your own national interest • Do what is best for your country, regardless of what it does to others. • Greed can get you in trouble.

The beginning of the war • June 8, 1914 • Heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne visits Bosnia. ( A new province within the empire) • Archduke Ferdinand his wife are shot. • Shooter believed that Austria. Hungary had no right to rule Bosnia. • Little did he know what he had just begun!!!

Where is Bosnia? The capital is Sarajevo.

Austria-Hungary declares War! • Austria-Hungary feels that Serbia was behind the assassination of Ferdinand. • Austria-Hungary declares war against Serbia. July 28, 1914 • Austria-Hungary will crush them in short time • (really it was a Bosnian Nationalist, not a Serbian, who shot Ferdinand)

This is a very large country.

Quick Review 1. WWI begins in 19___ 2. The 4 causes of WWI were: M-A-I-N (what do these letters mean) 3. What is the event that started the whole thing going?

The Web of Alliances Begin

Russia is Serbia's protector • July 29, 1914 • One day after Austria-Hungary declares war • Russia begins mobilization- or readying of troops for war • Then. . .

France mobilizes also • France is Russia’s ally • They ready themselves for war. • Then. . .

Germany declares war on Russia • Germany is Austria. Hungary’s ally. • Strategy- Attack France quick- beat them- then concentrate on Russia. • The picture is of German school boys going to enlist in the army.

How does Germany defeat France? • Germany must go through Belgium. • This brings Great Britain into the war • Great Britain is Belgium’s protector

Now let’s review (I know this is complicated) Who are the Central Powers? Who are the Allies?

Who’s Who? (All this happens within one week after the war begins. ) (And more countries will join in time) • Central Powers • Austria-Hungary • Germany • • • Allies Serbia Russia France Great Britain

Here is what the map looks like • Green- Central powers • Purple- Allies

In the beginning there is a stalemate- neither side gains the advantage. There is equal size and strength on each side. This war could be very long and costly.

The Ottoman Empire (Turkey) and Bulgaria enter the war • Enters in on the side of the Central Powers at the end of 1914 • A large country with a large army and resources • Bulgaria also enters (to the west of Turkey)

Italy joins in • Joins the allies in 1915

Now what do the sides look like? • • • Central Powers Austria-Hungary Germany Turkey Bulgaria • • • Allies Serbia Russia France Great Britain Italy

Modern warfare begins The importance of technology

Guns

Railway Guns and Shells

Grenades • • Hand held easy to throw easy to carry hard to get

Poison Gas Very effective • "[The] vapor settled to the ground like a swamp mist and drifted toward the French trenches on a brisk wind. Its effect on the French was a violent nausea and faintness, followed by an utter collapse. It is believed that the Germans, who charged in behind the vapor, met no resistance at all, the French at their front being virtually paralyzed. "

Preparing for poison gas

Gas Drills • During a gas drill you were required to put on and adjust your mask within 6 seconds. • Any more time spent doing this could result in death!!! • Shaving became necessary. A thick beard would make your mask ineffective.

Poison gas casualties • British gas casualties near Bois de l'Abbe France, May 1918. The eye bandages indicate that a blistering agent such as mustard gas was used. This gas was named for it's similarity in both faint smell and color to mustard

German Submarines • Very effective for the Germans • torpedoes will be used on any boats that may be carrying arms • How will the U. S. continue trading goods with Europe?

German U-Boats • Being mass produced • 146 U-Boats on patrol by 1917 • Still not enough to rule the oceans

The German Navy

Airplanes The Wright Brothers first flight was 1903

1914 Airplanes • We have come along way in 11 short years • This plane can be equipped with 2 machine guns and a 400 pound bomb

Trench Warfare • Miles of trenches dug daily by both sides • Good cover during battles • Many problems with them. (waste, dead bodies…)

The Trench Lifestyle

Tanks • Highly effective • only moved 4 miles per hour

Zeppelin • Able to carry bombs • used at high altitudes • up so high it was hard to disarm it.

What will the United States do? • Most of us oppose Germany and the Central Powers because of Kaiser Wilhelm. • He is an autocrat- or ruler with unlimited power • Germany is to militaristic

UNITED STATES TO REMAIN NEUTRAL! But we will protect our trade. The preparedness movement begins

Why? • U. S. is removed from the war • Nothing has happened to us yet. • We will prepare for war and strengthen our military, just in case.

Quiz Time!!!!!!! 10 questions

Question 1 What event started WWI? Not the four causes, I want the one event that sparked everything.

Question 2 • In what year did this happen? Or what year did WWI begin?

Question 3 • The countries that fought against Germany and Austria-Hungary during WWI were called the _____. (Central Powers vs. who)

Question 4 • What is imperialism?

Question 5 • What is it called when one nation aids another to fight a war. A web of _______.

Question 6 • The first 3 countries to come to Serbia’s aid were _______, ______ and ________. (in order)

Question 7 • The world’s first airplane was developed in 1903 by the _________. Question 8 • They developed the airplane in ____, Ohio.

Question 9 • What should the U. S. do? They will remain ________.

Question 10 • In the first few years of WWI, both sides were locked in a ______.

Good Job!!!