WORLD WAR I 1914 1918 The First World
- Slides: 61
WORLD WAR I 1914 - 1918
The First World War: What? • War involving nearly all the nations of the world When? • 1914 -1918 2
The First World War: Who? Central Powers: (Axis) Germany(Kaiser Wilhelm) Austria-Hungary (Franz Ferdinand) Ottoman Empire Bulgaria 3 Entente: (Allies) Russia (Nicolas II Last Czar of Russia) France (Georges Clemenceau) Great Britain (Lloyd George) Italy Japan United States (1917) (Woodrow Wilson)
Causes of World War I § MILITARISM – creation of large powerful militaries and stockpiling weapons § ALLIANCE SYSTEM – nations pledge to protect and support each other § IMPERIALISM – when a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation (to gain $, power, respect) § NATIONALISM – pride or love for one’s nation
The Spark of World War I § Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand his wife Sophie
The Assassin- Gavrilo Princip 1914 Member of the Black Hand (secret society) Lived in Serbia and hated that Austria-Hungary was trying to take over
THE ASSASSINATION OF THE ARCHDUKE Shot Rings Throughout Europe
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia… Little do they know Allies are waiting in the wings (? ) Propaganda like this was recruiting allied soldiers
WWI extremely difficult on Western Front due to trench warfare
The soldiers had very little decent food, and what food they had was often attacked by rats. These rats were the size of small rabbits and badgers because they had fed on the decomposing bodies of dead soldiers.
War Horse http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=up. Ucty 5 I 0 k Trench warfare
No smiling and relaxed faces… No clean uniforms… Their equipment is scattered everywhere… Boredom and sleep are obvious…
No Man’s Land • The area between trenches of opposing armies • Covered with barbed wire, mines, and fallen soldiers
Movie Clip § Legends of the Fall § http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=VYWlh wmxg 7 g § http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=j 48 GDZ KZTUo&feature=fvwrel § War horse § http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=N_s 81 WQxf. Y
Why was WWI so devastating? Introduction of new weapons never seen before.
Aircraft
Poisonous Gas § This war was also the first to use chlorine and § § mustard gas. The German army was the first to use chlorine in 1915. French soldiers had not come across this before and assumed that it was a smoke screen. It has a distinctive smell – a mixture of pepper and pineapple – and they only realized they were being gassed when they started to have chest pains and a burning sensation in their throats! Death is painful – you suffocate!
Soldier wearing gas mask Americans were urged to save peach pits during the war.
The effects of mustard gas
Young Indiana Jones § http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ASg 0 HXs. Q 5 E § Gassing in WWI
German U-Boats
Death, Recovery of Bodies, & Burial
****Germans go through Belgium to get to France****
Ruins of France
Why did it take so long for America to get involved in the war? §America was isolationist §“Why should I get involved in someone else’s problems” 32
• Is isolationism really an option for a country as powerful as the United States? 33
Which. Central side should the US pick? Powers: Allies: • 11 million German. Americans • Irish-Americans hated Great Britain • Close cultural ties • Shared transatlantic cables (so censored stories) • Big business loaned much $ to allies US Exports to both sides: 34
What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades • Britain blockaded (stopped) all German ships going to America • Germany announced a submarine war around Britain 35 Y-53 German Submarine 1916
What did it take to get the US involved? 2. Sinking of the Lusitania • Lusitania torpedoed, sinking with 1200 passengers and crew (including 128 Americans) 36 German Propaganda Justifying Lusitania sinking • Was eventually found to be carrying 4200 cases of ammunition
What did it take to get the US involved? 3. Propaganda • The US sharply criticized Germany for their action 37 Note in Bottle After Lusitania Disaster • Germany agreed not to sink passenger ships without warning in the future
What did it take to get the US involved? 4. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • 1917 Germany announced “unrestricted submarine warfare” in the war zone 38
What did it take to get the US involved? 5. Zimmerman Note • US intercepted a note from Germany to Mexico, • It promised Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona back in return for an alliance 39
What did it take to get the US involved? • Zimmerman Note + the sinking of 4 unarmed American ships led to a declaration of war 40
How was the war looking for the allies? Not Good. . . • Russia left the war after its communist revolution in 1917 • Made it a one front war for Germany - all its troops could concentrate on France 41
Convincing the American People §Posters - Gee!! • How do you think this poster helped to convince the American people that the war was a good idea? 42
What did the US do to help? Supplies: §US provided the food, money, and fresh troops needed to win the war 44 American Troops March Through London
Convincing the American People Idealism: 2 Goals For War: 1. War to End All Wars 2. Making the World Safe for Democracy 45
US Support of the War Conserve § US Food § Conservation-Liberty Administration wanted Gardens, “Liberty Americans to reduce Cabbage” consumption of key § Meatless Mondays food items § Wheatless Wednesday
Invest War Bonds
Enlist in the Military
52
Espionage Act 1918 It originally prohibited any attempt to interfere with military operations, to support U. S. enemies during wartime, to promote insubordination in the military, or to interfere with military recruitment. The constitutionality of the law, its relationship to free speech, and the meaning of the law's language have been contested in court ever since. obtaining or delivering information relating to "national defense" to a person who was not "entitled to have it" (Spying)
Sedition Act of 1918 § Forbade the use of "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the United States government, its flag, or its armed forces or that caused others to view the American government or its institutions with contempt. Those convicted under the act generally received sentences of imprisonment for 5 to 20 years. § Both acts resulted in more than a thousand convictions
Latin America Know: Puerto Rico, Panama, and Mexico
Europe: § Know: Belgium, France, and Russia
Results of World War I • Political Cost • Human Cost • • Economic Cost Treaty of Versailles • Making Peace
Human Cost § 8. 5 million died in battle § 2 xs that wounded § 6 -13 million civilians dead § Over 20 million die of flu worldwide
Economic Costs § Homes, farms, factories, roads, churches need to be rebuilt § Rebuilding costs money that countries don’t have plus many have to pay off war debts § So blame Germany and have them pay reparations to all § TOTAL COSTS: Great Britain $55 billion, France $50 billion, Russia $25 billion, Germany $60 billion, Austria-Hungary $25 billion
Political Costs § Govts collapsed in Russia, Germany, A-H, and § § Ottoman Empire Radicals try to rule and communism spreads Colonial troops returned home with cynical views of Europeans Imperial powers were no longer seen as invicible African and Asian colonies found hope for independence from European control
§ http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=n. V 13 z. O io 0 Pk
Paris Peace Conference and League of Nations § Allies met @ Paris without Central Powers and Russia § Great Britain, France, US, Italy – each with own demands and interests § Issues concerned countries wanting own control, who to blame, keeping peace § Wilson of USA has 14 Points and is willing to compromise in order to get the League of Nations for world security
Treaty of Versailles § June 1919 § Signed by “big 3” and Germany § New countries formed like Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia…independence for Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia (Baltic Sea countries) § Creation of the League of Nations (No USA) § Punished Germany: § § § Pay others $ = reparations Take all blame for the war Limit military Give back land taken No more colonies
- 1914 1918
- Who reorganized the war industries board in 1918
- Civil war first modern war
- Braves
- World population in 1914
- The edwardian age zanichelli
- World war 1 conclusion
- Ww1 cause
- Map of europe 1914
- Rzeczpospolita trojga narodów mapa
- Trasfigurazione ungaretti analisi
- Shingelfrisyren
- 3.7 cm tak 1918
- 1918-1862
- Louisiana 1918 poll tax receipt
- 18 novembris 1918
- Red scare
- Georgia history timeline 1877-1919
- 1 decembrie proiect
- 1918-1862
- 1918-1862
- 1918-1862
- Louisiana 1918 poll tax receipt
- 1918 18 novembris
- 11 listopada 1918 piosenka tekst
- 1918-1862
- Jaan poska
- 1918 18 novembris
- Gustv klimt
- Palestina 1918
- Ommfps 1918/2011
- Lịch sử hà nội từ năm 1802 đến năm 1918
- 1918-1862
- El peto klimt
- 1918-1862
- 1918-1862
- Why did kaiser wilhelm abdicate
- Hammer v. dagenhart
- Nato 1862
- Nitrogenase enzyme complex
- 1 decembrie 1918 university
- What is shaded
- Európa térképe 1914-ben
- Colonial empires 1914
- Battle of dinant
- Imperialism map 1914
- Triple alianza y triple entente
- Srbija 1903 do 1914
- Picasso ma jolie 1914
- Els imperis colonials
- Hrvatska književnost 1929 do 1952
- Hrvatski ekspresionizam
- Picasso ma jolie 1914
- Colonial empires 1914
- Chain of friendship cartoon wwi
- What did the ottoman empire turn into
- Ottoman empire 1914
- Moda anilor 20
- In 1819 we took a little trip
- Hitler knight
- Niebla 1914
- La treve de noel 1914 film