World War I 1914 1918 SSWH 16 Demonstrate

World War I 1914 -1918 SSWH 16 Demonstrate an understanding of long-term causes of World War I and its global impact. a. Identify the causes of the war; include Balkan nationalism, entangling alliances, and militarism. b. Describe conditions on the war front for soldiers; include the Battle of Verdun. c. Explain the major decisions made in the Versailles Treaty; include German reparations

Long Term Causes of World War I 1. ALLIANCE SYSTEMS

Long Term Causes of World War I 2. IMPERIALISM

Long Term Causes of World War I 3. MILITARISM

Long Term Causes of World War I 4. NATIONALISM

Immediate Cause of World War I 4. ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FERDINAND (of Austria-Hungary) in JUNE, 1914

Immediate Cause of World War I • Serbian Nationalist terrorist group called the Black Hand wanted to assassinate the Archduke • WHY? To protest the control of Austria. Hungary over Bosnia (Imperialism) • Failed the first time – same day sent GAVRILO PRINCIP to assassinate him. Archduke and wife are both killed.

EFFECT of ASSASSINATION • Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. • Russia mobilizes their troops because of Alliance with Serbia • Because of this – Germany declares war on Russia • ALLIANCES are now in play

The ALLIANCE SYSTEM Central Powers: Allies: Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Russia France Great Britain Italy Japan United States (1917)

How fast?

Conditions on the warfront – Battle Tactics: TRENCH WARFARE

Side View

No Man’s Land

Water logged trenches caused many health issues

The biggest of which was…

Trench Foot. Only cure was AMPUTATION.

• Longest battle of the war • 700, 000 casualties (dead, wounded and missing) • Fought along 6 miles of land in eastern France that had about 60 forts (big and small) for protection. • If France lost this, then all of France would fall • Germany started the attack with 140, 000 troops – 2, 500, 000 shells launched from artillery guns along with 168 plains. France had 30, 000 men for defense. • Because it didn’t seem as if it would end, the British start another battle a few miles away • The German plan was to “bleed France”

Interesting soldier quotes on this battle: “men were squashed. Cut in two or divided from top to bottom. Blown into showers: bellies turned inside out; skulls forced into the chest as if by a blow from a club. “You eat beside the dead; you drink beside the dead, you relieve yourself beside the dead and you sleep beside the dead. ” “People will read that the front line was Hell. How can people begin to know what that one word – Hell – means. ” “When they came out of the battle, what a pitiful sight they were. Their expressions seemed frozen by a wisdom of terror; they sagged beneath the weight of horrifying memories. ”

How does the US get involved in the war? Two reasons --1. The sinking of the Lusitania. • When – May, 1915 • Where – off of the southern coast of Ireland • Who was on board – mostly Irish – mainly poor. • Why was it sunk? Germany had declared UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE which means that they would sink ANYTHING in the water. • So - Germany thinks the US is sending weapons to their friends – the Brits. • Are we? Yes. Did we ever admit it? No. (not until recently when the ship remains were found) Did that make it ok to sink a cruise ship. NO. • Our president, Woodrow Wilson, issued a statement against the tragedy and Germany but did nothing else.

The Lusitania Looks just like the TITANIC, but not as big. (same company)

Two reasons – 2. The Zimmerman Telegram • When – Jan 1917 • Where – the British intercepted a telegram from Germany to Mexico • What was it – a note from Germany to Mexico saying that if Mexico helped Germany in the war, then they would help Mexico get back the land that the US took away from them (MX-Amer War) – to create an alliance between the two countries • Result – the US Declares war on Germany and US enters war in 1917

Zimmerman Telegram

New War Weapons Gas Masks Machine Gun

TANKS Blimps

Aerial Attacks Submarines

The Treaty of Versailles • Germany surrenders in November 1918 • Treaty of Versailles signed June 28, 1919 • Germany lost territory, admitted guilt for the war, restricted military, and paid reparations • The US did not sign because did not like the conditions (thought the price Germany had to pay was too high; 33 billion) • The BIG FOUR • Italy, France, Great Britain, Russia

What came out of the Treaty? • The LEAGUE OF NATIONS • Proposed by President Wilson • Congress does not agree to the US membership into the League • Embarrassment to Wilson as is his deal • Is meant to be a way to keep peace in Europe – FAILS because has no army to back up their words.

What else came out of the Treaty? – a whole new world.