WORLD WAR I 1914 1918 Causes of World

WORLD WAR I 1914 - 1918

Causes of World War I § MILITARISM – creation of large powerful militaries and stockpiling weapons § ALLIANCE SYSTEM – nations pledge to protect and support each other § IMPERIALISM – when a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation (to gain $, power, respect) § NATIONALISM – pride or love for one’s nation

European Alliances Allies (1907) Triple Entente § France § Great Britain § Russia (treaty with Serbia) § Later: U. S. A. § Italy Axis (1882) Central Powers § Germany § Austria-Hungary § Italy (will join Allies later) § Later: Ottoman Empire

The Spark of World War I § Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand his wife Sophie

The Assassin- Gavrilo Princip 1914 Lived in Serbia and hated that Austria. Hungary was trying to take over Member of the Black Hand (secret society)

Victim-The Archduke Franz Ferdinand Country-Austria-Hungary Shot Rings Throughout Europe

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia… Little do they know Allies are waiting in the wings Propaganda like this was recruiting allied soldiers

§ http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=VYWlhwmxg 7 g § http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=j 48 GDZKZTU o § Legends of the Fall § http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Tv 5 g. Ba 9 DQs&feature=related (actual footage)

No clean uniforms, socks & shoes Their equipment is scattered everywhere… Boredom and sleep are obvious…

The soldiers had very little decent food, and what food they had was often attacked by rats. These rats were the size of small rabbits and badgers because they had fed on the decomposing bodies of dead soldiers.

No Man’s Land • The area between trenches of opposing armies • Covered with barbed wire, mines, and fallen soldiers

British tank, German machine gun, & Australian anti-aircraft gun

Aircraft

Poisonous Gas § This war was also the first to use chlorine and § § mustard gas. The German army was the first to use chlorine in 1915. French soldiers had not come across this before and assumed that it was a smoke screen. It has a distinctive smell – a mixture of pepper and pineapple – and they only realized they were being gassed when they started to have chest pains and a burning sensation in their throats! Death is painful – you suffocate!

British soldier wearing gas mask

The effects of mustard gas

German U-Boats

U-Boats The U-boat campaign can be broken into two distinct phases. The first was aimed at allied surface warships; The second, and ultimately more successful, was targeted towards allied shipping - using the U-boat as a tool to enforce an embargo.

Ruins of France

Ruined church at Montfaicon

Stone bridge blown up by Belgians

Death, Recovery of Bodies, & Burial

Results of World War I • Political Cost • Human Cost • • Economic Cost Treaty of Versailles • Making Peace

Human Cost § 8. 5 million died in battle § 2 xs that wounded § 6 -13 million civilians dead § Over 20 million die of flu worldwide

Economic Costs § Homes, farms, factories, roads, churches need to be rebuilt § Rebuilding costs money that countries don’t have plus many have to pay off war debts § So blame Germany and have them pay reparations to all § TOTAL COSTS: Great Britain $55 billion, France $50 billion, Russia $25 billion, Germany $60 billion, Austria-Hungary $25 billion

Political Costs § Govts collapsed in Russia, Germany, A-H, and § § Ottoman Empire Radicals try to rule and communism spreads Colonial troops returned home with cynical views of Europeans Imperial powers were no longer seen as invicible African and Asian colonies found hope for independence from European control

Paris Peace Conference and League of Nations § Allies met @ Paris without Central Powers and Russia § Great Britain, France, US, Italy – each with own demands and interests § Issues concerned countries wanting own control, who to blame, keeping peace § Wilson of USA has 14 Points and is willing to compromise in order to get the League of Nations for world security

Treaty of Versailles § Signed by “big 3” and Germany § New countries formed like Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia…independence for Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia (Baltic Sea countries) § Creation of the League of Nations (No USA) § Punished Germany: § § Pay others $ = reparations Take all blame for the war Limit military Give back land taken