World War I 113014 World War I 1914

World War I 11/30/14

World War I 1914 - 1918 11/30/14

Key Facts • • The world’s first global conflict Also called the “Great War” and “War to End All Wars” Countries involved: Central Powers - Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire Allies - Great Britain, the United States, France, Russia, Italy and Japan. Introduced modern technology to warfare (machine guns, tanks, planes_ Unprecedented death and destruction More than 9 million soldiers killed by the end of the war in November 1918.

20, 000 people died in connection with the war, far more than in any earlier war in world history. Regions where fighting took place in World War I 1 Western European Front 2 Eastern European Front 3 Italian Front 4 Balkan Front 5 Palestine/Syria 6 Iraq 7 Arabia 8 German Togoland 9 German Camaroons 10 German East Africa 11 German Southwest Africa 12 Pacific Islands 1 2 3 12 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Causes of World War I •

4 Main Reasons Imperialism – One country taking over other countries. Germany was the main country at this time. Militarism – The development of armies and weapons. Alliance System – Countries join together for mutual defense. Nationalism – A devotion to the interests and culture of one’s own country over all others.

Causes of World War I Imperialism The rise of imperialism led to economic rivalries among the major European powers. Each wanted to have more colonies than their rivals.

Causes of World War I Militarism Europe’s major countries were obsessed with building up their armies and navies to have a better one than their rivals.

Causes of World War I Alliances: Allies vs Central Powers

Nationalism Extreme pride in ones own country/nation/or people. The Austro-Hungarian Empire made up much of southeast Europe and was made up of many different nationalities.

Causes of World War I Nationalism Peoples such as the Czechs, the Serbs, the Bosnians and the Poles all wanted the right of self -determination, which meant they want to be an independent nation.

THINK-PAIR-SHARE • QUESTION: Which of the four causes of World War I do you believe was the most important and why? 1. Each person writes down their thoughts (5 minutes) 2. Each person pairs up with another student and talks about their answers 3. Each pair talks to class about their conclusions 4. Each student turns in their sheet for credit

The Spark World War I began in 1914 after Austrian prince Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia The assassination triggered a web of alliances that led to all of Europe being dragged into the conflict

Early Part of War • Started on August 1, 1914 when Germany, an ally of Austria-Hungary, declared war against Russia, Serbia’s ally and then against France and Germany, Russia’s allies. • On August 3, 1914 Germany invaded Belgium, an ally of France • Allies could not stop Germany in Belgium, but stopped them in France. • Both sides dug in with trenches, where both sides made little movement. 11/30/14

Trench Warfare A type of fighting where both sides stayed in deep trenches to avoid the gunfire “up top. ” Trench warfare was used on the Western Front, the line between France and Germany that rarely moved. These trenches were protected by barbed wire and concrete machine-gun nests.

America the Neutral For the first three years of World War I, the U. S. remained neutral Wilson won reelection in presidential election of 1916, using the slogan “He kept us out of war. ”

Lusitania Sunk In 1915, Germany sank the British cruise ship Lusitania, killing over 1, 200 people, including 128 Americans. While this angered many Americans, it still was not enough to get the U. S. to enter the war.

German U-boat attacks Germany began unlimited submarine warfare in the Atlantic Ocean in 1915. It was the sinking of American trade ships without warning that was the biggest reason why the United States entered World War I

Zimmerman Telegram The Zimmerman Note was an alleged telegram from Germany to Mexico. Germany promised Mexico land in exchange for going to war with the U. S. The Zimmerman Telegram was the last straw for most Americans in turning against Germany.

U. S. enters World War I One day after subs sank seven U. S. ships and after the Zimmerman note was made public, Congress declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917 "The world must be made safe for democracy. ” -- Woodrow Wilson