World Religions Lesson 4 Islam Muhammad begins to

World Religions Lesson 4 Islam

Muhammad begins to “recite” the Qu’ran and gives rise to the Islamic faith in Mecca in 610 AD

The Hijra Muhammad flees Mecca for Medina. This begins the Muslim calendar in 622 AD.

Comparing sacred texts

The Kaaba (multiple spellings) Muslims believe that this stone structure was built by Abraham with his son Ishmael

The Five Pillars of Islam Creed Prayer Fasting Almsgiving Pilgrimage The Creed: There is none worthy of worship except God and Muhammad is the messenger of God

Islam Spreads

Dar al Harb & Dar al Islam

Shi’ite & Sunni

Crusades The West launches the crusades in order to achieve a number of goals: Aid the Eastern Christians (reunite the east & west churches); Reclaim the Church of the Holy Sepulchre; Restore the Holy Sites in Jerusalem and Make the Pilgrimage routes safe

Islam and Violence Rashidun Caliphs Abu Bakr - 632– 634 (Illness) Umar ibn al-Khattab - 634– 644 (Assassinated) Uthman ibn Affan - 644– 656 (Assassinated) Ali ibn Abi Talib - 656– 661 (Assassinated) Hasan ibn Ali – 661 (Assassinated) Muhammad is unlike other founders and leading teachers of other religions. He led military raids and troops in battle. He is known to have ordered the assassination of personal enemies including a mother of five who was killed asleep with her 5 children. He had 14 wives (11 at one time) and his favorite wife he married when she was 9 years old.

Islam and Violence Qur'an (8: 39) - “And fight them until there is no more Fitnah (disbelief and polytheism: i. e. worshipping others besides Allah) and the religion (worship) will all be for Allah Alone [in the whole of the world ]. But if they cease (worshipping others besides Allah), then certainly, Allah is All-Seer of what they do. ” Translation from the Noble Quran Qur'an (9: 29) - "Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued. " Suras 9 and 5 are the last "revelations" that Muhammad handed down - hence abrogating what came before, which includes the oft-quoted verse 2: 256 -"Let there be no compulsion in religion. . . ". Qur'an (9: 5) "But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war); but if they repent, and establish regular prayers and practice regular charity, then open the way for them. . . "