WORLD PHARMACY EDUCATION SIERRA LEONE PETER BAI JAMES

WORLD PHARMACY EDUCATION [SIERRA LEONE] • PETER BAI JAMES • CHRISTIAN HANSON • JOHN ALIMAMY KABBA 1

Outline Of Presentation OVERVIEW OF SIERRA LEONE MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SYSTEMS IN SIERRA LEONE PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION IN SIERRA LEONE PHARMACY GRADUATES EMPLOYMENT AND MARKET DEMANDS DIFFERENCES IN PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION BETWEEN CHINA AND SIERRA LEONE SUGGESTED COOPERATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2

• English is the official language, Krio(pidgin English ) is the most widely spoken language in virtually all parts of Sierra Leone. • Low income countries with agriculture and mining contributing to the huge junk of GDP • Coffee, cocoa, and fish are the major agricultural exports. diamonds, rutile, bauxite, gold, iron ore re mineral export 71, 740 km 2 (27, 699 sq mile ) and a population of 7, 075, 641 3

POLITICAL MINISTER MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SANITATION ADMINISTRATIVE PROFESSIONAL. DOCTORS PHARMACIST NURSES PERMANENT SECRETARY 4

3 TIERS OF HEALTH CARE DELIVERY TERTIARY HEALTHCARE SPECIALIZED AND TEACHING HOSPITALS CONSULTANT AND SPECIALIST HEALTH OFFICERS SECONDARY HEALTHCARE REGIONAL AND DISTRICT HOSPITAL SPECIALIST AND MEDICAL OFFICERS, PHARMACIST PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PERIPHERAL HEALTH UNITS COMMUNITY HEALTH OFFICERS, NURSES 5

HEALTH SECTOR REGULATORY BODIES HEALTH WORKFORCE AND INFRASTRUCTURE Medical dental council Pharmacy board and pharmaceutical society of sierra leone Two doctors, one pharmacist and 17 nurses and midwives per 100, 000 people. Nurses board 80 hospitals in the public, private and NGO sectors about 50 pharmacy importers and wholesalers Nearly 500 retail pharmacies and non operational drug manufacturing industry 6

SIERRA LEONE’S PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR Consists of retailers, marketers and local agents of the big international pharmaceutical firms Counterfeit and substandard medicines re threat to the pharmaceutical industry and public health in the entire region. Pharmacy board regulates all pharmaceuticals 7

HEALTH CARE STATUS • Infant and maternal mortality rates remain the high • Malaria remains the most common cause of illness and death in the country, accounting for about 50% of outpatient visits and 38% of hospital admissions. • Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone is all but over after nearly 13, 500 cases and almost 4, 000 deaths 8

PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION IN SIERRA LEONE Njala University of sierra Leone University of makeni The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FPS), College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences (COMAHS) through direct entry i. e. first degree or‘A’ level B. Pharm (Hons) 5 yers Programme Pre pharmacy level for high school science students with WASSCE Diploma in pharmacy 9

CURRICULA FOR BACHELOR PROGRAM Phase one Year 1 and 2 Second phase Year 3 Phase three Year 4 nd 5 Core basic medical sciences, medical sociology, medical psychology and community medicine Basic pathological processes, mechanisms of disease and pharmacological basis of the treatment of disease pharmaceutical chemistry Equip students with the appropriate knowledge and skills in the core pharmaceutical disciplines prepare them for professional practice 10

CURRICULA FOR BACHELOR PROGRAM cont. . Teaching and learning methods q q q q q Lectures Tutorials Bed side teaching Field visits Laboratory Practical E Learning – e. g. Audio visuals, simulations Clinical skills Seminar presentations Assignments Mentorships Research projects and report writing Assessment Strategy Level 1: Formative SAQs MCQs Practical (e. g. laboratory reports, case presentations Level 2– Summative MCQs SAQs OSCEs / Practical exams Structured oral exams 11

CURRICULA FOR MASTERS AND PHD Postgraduate programme in the school is not running normally, due to lack of requisite professors to teach all the related courses. University is in collaboration with sister universities in the west african sub region that organizes adhoc lectures and research supervision for postgraduate students in training. 12

PHARMACY GRADUATES EMPLOYMENT AND MARKET DEMAND Regulatory q currently a 100% employment rate for graduates in the public or private settings Hospital Areas of practice q High demand due to shortage of pharmacist q Public sectors employs more pharmacist Public health institution Community pharmacy Research Academia 13

COMMUNITY PHARMACY PRACTICE. 14

LICENSURE AND RELICENSURE Graduate students are mandated to go through a 12 months internship job trainings and pass registration exam Currently, pharmacists maintain their registration status through attendance of mandatory revalidation process called continuing professional development 15

DIFFERENCES IN PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION BETWEEN CHINA AND SIERRA LEONE CHINA SIERRA LEONE q either through successful completion of the COMAHS Pre-pharmacy programme or through direct entry depending on the stated admission criteria q Final selection is subjected to a successful interview Applicants and Admission Criteria q All students interested in higher education take a standardized college entrance examination q admitted solely on the basis of these standardized entrance examination scores Degree Title BS Pharmacy B. Pharm (Hons) Years of pharmacy school 4 -5 years Five years 16

Curriculum No standardized curricula or accreditation requirements A separate 5 years ungraduated trainings for Clinical Pharmacy There is a standard curricula Clinical Training only for Clinical Pharmacy students Clinical training for all students in B. Pharm(Hons) training Specialty training There is no fellowship speciality training Undergoes fellowship speciality training through the West African Postgraduate college of Pharmacist Licensing/ Certification/ Registration q q Passing the licensure examination is not required for all areas of pharmacy practice q q licensed pharmacist can supervises other unlicensed Pharmacists q q q Graduates must pass the board’s registration exam in order to be practice. q q q Every pharmacist must be registered to practice Clinical/residency training 17

COOPERATION IN PHARMACEUTIC AL EDUCATION SUGGESTED CO-OPERATION IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY AND EDUCATION BETWEEN CHINA AND SIERRA LEONE. q Pharmacy schools in China establishes exchange programs with the Pharmacy school in Sierra Leone. Especially for postgraduates studies to build capacity for the academic workforce q Opportunities for exchange of natural products in the form of Collaborative Research between China and Sierra Leone for potential leads in drug development and production COOPERATION IN PHARMACEUTIC AL INDUSTRY q Improve coordination and harmonization of anticounterfeiting efforts between both countries, providing Members with effective anticounterfeiting legislation to adapt to their own needs, and assisting in the development of anticounterfeiting technologies q To help with the required resources to start production of health care products for priority endemic diseases (PED). This could help citizens with a sustained access to affordable and quality medicines, job creation and economic development q Parallel pharmaceutical trade 18

RECOMMENDATIONS Chinese Pharmaceutical pharmaceutical Educational system educational system should in cooperate an should in cooperate harmonized study an harmonized study curriculum Admission requirement for bachelor degree should be restricted to only science high school only science high student who passed school student who chemistry , math and passed chemistry English in addition to , math and english in other science subject at addition to other university entrance science subject at exam university entrance exam Basic medical sciences like anatomy, physiology and biochemistry should start to be taught at first nd nd second year Qualified lecturers with Qualified lecturers good proficiency in with good proficiency English are needed in english are needed especilly for english tught progrm 19

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!! 20